Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology: Anatomy & Physiology: The Integumentary System Flashcards

-makes up 16% of your body weight
-composed of the cutaneous membrane & accessory organs

1. Epidermis
2.Dermis

-superficial epithelium
-stratified squamous epithelium
-avascular
-contains keratinocytes

-underlying area of connective tissue

-hair, exocrine glands, and nails
-primarily located in the dermis and protrudes through the epidermis to the skin surface

-aka superficial fascia or subcutaneous layer
-separates the integument from the deep fascia around other organs

-protection of underlying tissues & organs
-excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes
-maintenance of normal body temperature
-production of melanin
-production of keratin
-synthesis of vitamin D
-storage of lipids
- detection of touch, pressure, pain, vibration, and temperature stimuli
-coordination & immune response

1.Stratum Corneum
2.Stratum Granulosum
3.Stratum Spinosum
4.Stratum Basale

1.Stratum Corneum
2.Stratum Lucidum
3.Stratum Granulosum
4.Stratum Spinosum
5.Stratum Basale

-aka stratum germinativum
-the deepest layer of the epidermis
-attachment to the basement membrane
-forms epidermal ridges
-contains basal cells, melanocytes, and tactile cells (Merkel cells)

-cells that divide to replace the more superficial keratinocytes that are shed at the epithelial surface

-consists of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes bound together by desmosomes
-contains dendritic cells

-aka Langerhans cells
- cells that participate in the immune response
-branching projections

-consists of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes
-produces large amounts of keratin & keratohyalin

-A tough, fibrous protein
-the basic component of hair & nails in humans

-only in thick skin
-cells are flattened, densely packed without organelles, and filled with keratin

-exposed surface
-contains 15-30 layers of keratinized cells
-water resistant (NOT WATERPROOF)

-the formation of protective, superficial layers of cells filled with keratin
-takes place on all exposed skin surface, except the anterior surfaces of the eyes

Around 7-10 days

-water from interstitial fluids slowly penetrates to the surface and evaporates into the air
-you are unable to see or feel this water loss

-produced by active sweat glands
-you are aware of this water loss

Carotene and Melanin

An orange-yellow pigment that normally accumulates in epidermal cells
-most apparent in the cells of the stratum corneum of light skinned individuals

pigment produced by the melanocytes
1.Pheomelanin (red-yellow form)
2.Eumelanin (brown-black form)

-manufacture both types of melanin from the amino acid tyrosine and packages it into intracellular vesicles called melanosomes

melanin

hemoglobin

when the skins turns blue
-occurs in response to extreme cold or results of cardiovascular or respiratory issues