front 1 Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube. | back 1 Peristalsis |
front 2 Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs into simpler units. | back 2 Digestion |
front 3 Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule. | back 3 Hydrolysis |
front 4 Process by which simpler chemical units pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph. | back 4 Absorbtion |
front 5 Produces enzymes that break down all categories of foodstuffs | back 5 Pancreas |
front 6 Increases surface area for absorption via villi and microvilli | back 6 Small Intestine |
front 7 Bacteria process undigested chyme from the small intestine | back 7 Large Intestines |
front 8 Only digestive structure with three muscle layers | back 8 Stomach |
front 9 Receives blood via the hepatic portal system. | back 9 Liver |
front 10 Contains the brush border enzymes that complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins | back 10 Small Intestine |
front 11 Main function is to filter and process the nutrient-rich blood delivered to it. | back 11 Liver |
front 12 Produces Intrinsic factor | back 12 Stomach |
front 13 Produces a mucoid barrier to prevent self digestion | back 13 Stomach |
front 14 Increases output of enzymatic-rich pancreatic juice. | back 14 Cholecystokinin |
front 15 Increases output of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions. | back 15 Secretin |
front 16 Increases HCl secretion and stimulates contraction of intestinal muscle | back 16 Gastrin |
front 17 Stimulates insulin release and mildly inhibits HCl production. | back 17 Gastric Inhibitory Peptide |
front 18 The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________. | back 18 in the walls of the tract organs |
front 19 The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________. | back 19 collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage |
front 20 The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. | back 20 digestion |
front 21 When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________. | back 21 chemical digestion |
front 22 The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________. | back 22 mesenteries |
front 23 From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. | back 23 mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa |
front 24 Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier? | back 24 production of intrinsic factor (renin) |
front 25 What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing? | back 25 enamel |
front 26 The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________. | back 26 lamina propria |
front 27 Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile? | back 27 cholecystokinin |
front 28 Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile. | back 28 Bile contains enzymes for digestion. |
front 29 The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task? | back 29 plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli |
front 30 Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth. | back 30 There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20. |
front 31 Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth? | back 31 There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge. |
front 32 Which of the following is NOT true of saliva? | back 32 contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of protiens |
front 33 The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells? | back 33 serous cells and mucous cells |
front 34 The solutes contained in saliva include ________. | back 34 electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA |
front 35 In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________. | back 35 initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins |
front 36 Chyme is created in the ________. | back 36 stomach |
front 37 Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? | back 37 parietal cells |
front 38 Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products? | back 38 enteroendocrine cells |
front 39 There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________. | back 39 before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought |
front 40 Peristaltic waves are ________. | back 40 waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another |
front 41 Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________. | back 41 protein and peptide fragments |
front 42 Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________. | back 42 chief cells of the stomach |
front 43 ) You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal? | back 43 amylase |
front 44 The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the ________. | back 44 hepatopancreatic ampulla |
front 45 The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________. | back 45 hydrolysis |
front 46 Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible? | back 46 lipase |
front 47 Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________. | back 47 hydrochloric acid |
front 48 Hepatocytes do not ________. | back 48 cephalic |
front 49 Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? | back 49 B12 |
front 50 Chief cells ________. | back 50 produce pepsinogen |
front 51 Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________. | back 51 catabolism |
front 52 The ________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure | back 52 liver |
front 53 If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________. | back 53 serosa |
front 54 Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? | back 54 lipids |
front 55 The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for? | back 55 canine tooth |
front 56 The lamina propria is composed of ________. | back 56 loose connective tissue |
front 57 Which of the following is (are) not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion? | back 57 carbohydrates |
front 58 The function of goblet cells is to ________. | back 58 produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion |
front 59 Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria? | back 59 synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins |
front 60 Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________. | back 60 the vagus nerve and enteric plexus |
front 61 Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds? | back 61 fungiform and circumvallate |
front 62 Which of the following produce intrinsic factor? | back 62 parietal cells |
front 63 Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins? | back 63 trypsin |
front 64 Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body? | back 64 oral cavity |
front 65 ) A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is ________. | back 65 bile |
front 66 The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the ________. | back 66 submucosa |
front 67 Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine? It ________. | back 67 is longer than the small intestine |
front 68 What stomach secretion is necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBCs? | back 68 intrinsic factor |
front 69 How are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa? | back 69 active transport |
front 70 Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion. | back 70 Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth. |
front 71 Paneth cells ________. | back 71 secrete enzymes that kill bacteria |
front 72 Select the correct statement about digestive processes. | back 72 Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex. |
front 73 Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves ________. | back 73 cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction |
front 74 Select the correct statement about absorption | back 74 If intact proteins are transported across the villus epithelium, an immune response may be generated. |
front 75 Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption. | back 75 Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly by the duodenum. |
front 76 The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur? | back 76 Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum. |
front 77 A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates ________. | back 77 alkalosis |
front 78 Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include ________. | back 78 secretin |
front 79 Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation? | back 79 inferior vena cava |
front 80 Which of these is not a component of saliva? | back 80 a cyanide derivative |
front 81 There are some 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine; our Ig ________ antibody-mediated response restricts them from going beyond the mucosa and causing problems. | back 81 A |
front 82 The longest portion of the small intestine is the ________. | back 82 Ileum |
front 83 The principal enzyme for breaking down carbohydrates is ________. | back 83 amylase |
front 84 Cells of the stomach that secrete HCl are ________ cells. | back 84 parietal |
front 85 The chief bile pigment is ________. | back 85 bilirubin |
front 86 Another word for vomiting is ________. | back 86 emesis |
front 87 Cells are found in the sinusoids of the liver that remove debris from the blood as it flows past are called ________ macrophages. | back 87 stellate |
front 88 The part of the peritoneum that covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs is the ________ peritoneum. | back 88 visceral |
front 89 The ________ ligament anchors a tooth in the alveolus of the jaw. | back 89 peridontal |
front 90 The ________ phase of gastric secretions occurs when food enters the stomach. | back 90 Gastric |
front 91 The protective outermost layer of the esophagus is the ________. | back 91 adventitia |
front 92 secret enzymes that kill bacteria | back 92 Paneth cells |