packet 23 chapter 23 Flashcards

Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube.

Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs into simpler units.

Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule.

Process by which simpler chemical units pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph.

Produces enzymes that break down all categories of foodstuffs

Increases surface area for absorption via villi and microvilli

Bacteria process undigested chyme from the small intestine

Only digestive structure with three muscle layers

Receives blood via the hepatic portal system.

Contains the brush border enzymes that complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins

Main function is to filter and process the nutrient-rich blood delivered to it.

Produces Intrinsic factor

Produces a mucoid barrier to prevent self digestion

Increases output of enzymatic-rich pancreatic juice.

Increases output of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions.

Increases HCl secretion and stimulates contraction of intestinal muscle

Stimulates insulin release and mildly inhibits HCl production.

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________.

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________.

The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________.

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?

What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?

The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.

Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile?

Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.

Which of the following is true concerning the number and type of permanent teeth?

Which of the following is NOT true of saliva?

The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells?

The solutes contained in saliva include ________.

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.

Chyme is created in the ________.

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?

There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________.

Peristaltic waves are ________.

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for the stimulation of acid secretions in the stomach. These secretions are stimulated by the presence of ________.

Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________.

) You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal?

The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the ________.

The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called ________.

Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible?

Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________.

Hepatocytes do not ________.

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

Chief cells ________.

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________.

The ________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure

If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________.

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?

The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for?

The lamina propria is composed of ________.

Which of the following is (are) not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion?

The function of goblet cells is to ________.

Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?

Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________.

Which of the following are types of papillae on the tongue that contain taste buds?

Which of the following produce intrinsic factor?

Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins?

Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body?

) A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is ________.

The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the ________.

Which of the following is not characteristic of the large intestine? It ________.

What stomach secretion is necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBCs?

How are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa?

Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.

Paneth cells ________.

Select the correct statement about digestive processes.

Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves ________.

Select the correct statement about absorption

Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption.

The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates ________.

Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include ________.

Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation?

Which of these is not a component of saliva?

There are some 20 known pathogens found in the large intestine; our Ig ________ antibody-mediated response restricts them from going beyond the mucosa and causing problems.

The longest portion of the small intestine is the ________.

The principal enzyme for breaking down carbohydrates is ________.

Cells of the stomach that secrete HCl are ________ cells.

The chief bile pigment is ________.

Another word for vomiting is ________.

Cells are found in the sinusoids of the liver that remove debris from the blood as it flows past are called ________ macrophages.

The part of the peritoneum that covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs is the ________ peritoneum.

The ________ ligament anchors a tooth in the alveolus of the jaw.

The ________ phase of gastric secretions occurs when food enters the stomach.

The protective outermost layer of the esophagus is the ________.

secret enzymes that kill bacteria