front 1 What is the ultimate goal of recombinant DNA | back 1 to improve the organism |
front 2 What cuts DNA at specific sequences | back 2 restriction enzyme |
front 3 Why must the recipient plasmid be cut with the same restriction enzyme | back 3 to allow for a site in the plasmid for the donor DNA to attach |
front 4 How do restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences | back 4 They cut DNA at sites called recognition sites that have specific nucleotide sequences |
front 5 In general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene | back 5 to insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene |
front 6 What attached the target gene to a desired location | back 6 DNA ligase |
front 7 Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell | back 7 it can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein |
front 8 restriction enzymes are | back 8 bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA |
front 9 a population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a | back 9 clone |
front 10 In recombinant DNA technology, a vector is a self-replicating segment of DNA, such as a plasmid or viral genome | back 10 True |
front 11 A plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms, such as bacterial, fungal and plant cells | back 11 shuttle vector |
front 12 These are important for cloning applications because they can be used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences | back 12 restriction enzymes |
front 13 rapidly increases the number of copies of a piece of DNA | back 13 PCR |
front 14 sequencing DNA, making copies of a gene to put into another organism, identifying traits that may lead to a genetic disorder
| back 14 PCR |
front 15 sequencing a gene, diagnosing a disease, and providing enough DNA for cloning into another organism.
| back 15 PCR |
front 16 self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another | back 16 vector |
front 17 a segment of DNA | back 17 restriction fragment |
front 18 what is the end goal of PCR | back 18 to quickly increase the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence |
front 19 PCR stands for | back 19 polymerase chain reaction |
front 20 sequencing a gene, diagnosing a disease, and providing enough DNA for cloning into another organism | back 20 PCR |
front 21 How do restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences | back 21 at DNA sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences |
front 22 In general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene | back 22 to insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene |
front 23 What attached a target gene to a desired location | back 23 DNA ligase |
front 24 Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell | back 24 It can be copied, transcribed and translated into a desired protein |
front 25 the reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase | back 25 mRNA----cDNA |
front 26 not an agricultural product made by DNA techniques | back 26 pectinase |
front 27 if you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is | back 27 inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium |
front 28 use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease resistant crop plants | back 28 biotechnology |
front 29 the restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes sequence GAATTC. What is true of DNA after it is treated with EcoRI | back 29 all of the DNA fragments will have single stranded regions ending in G |
front 30 which enzyme would cut this strand of DNA:
| back 30 BamHI GGATCC
|
front 31 a population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a | back 31 clone |
front 32 self replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another | back 32 vector |
front 33 the Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on | back 33 determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome |
front 34 place the following steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order.
| back 34 132 |
front 35 what is used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral disease such as hepatitis b | back 35 RNA interference |
front 36 what technique is not used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants | back 36 microinjection |
front 37 a source of heat stable DNA polymerase | back 37 Thermus aquaticus |
front 38 gene silencing blocks an undesirable product by | back 38 making a double stranded RNA |
front 39 to determine where a person has a certain gene a process is involved using a primer and a heat stable DNA polymerase | back 39 PCR |
front 40 the use of an antibiotic resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes | back 40 direct selection possible |
front 41 the use of suicide genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to | back 41 prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment |
front 42 a restriction fragment | back 42 a segment of DNA |
front 43 what is not involved in making cDNA | back 43 translation |
front 44 restriction enzymes are | back 44 bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA |
front 45 the study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is | back 45 metagenomics |
front 46 the term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organisms for the production of desired products | back 46 false |
front 47 in recombinant DNA technology, a vector is a self replicating segment of DNA, such as a plasmid or viral genome | back 47 true |
front 48 the practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits is called natural selection | back 48 false |
front 49 a shuttle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms | back 49 true |
front 50 nearly all cells naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without chemical treatment | back 50 false |
front 51 one of the first commercial success of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered e coli | back 51 true |
front 52 bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence | back 52 true |
front 53 the Bt toxin has been introduced into some crop plants to make them resistant to insect destruction | back 53 true |
front 54 important for cloning applications because they can be used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences | back 54 restriction enzymes |
front 55 unmatched recombinant DNA technique and application | back 55 gene silencing: production of subunit vaccines |
front 56 why is bakers yeast useful for expressing genetically engineered genes | back 56 yeast cells are eukaryotic and so would likely be successful in expressing eukaryotic genes |
front 57 false statement about recombinant DNA | back 57 has limited application because genes of interest cannot be moved from one type of cell to another. |
front 58 true statement concerning viruses | back 58 the host range for a virus is determined by the presence or absence of particular components on the surface of a host cell that are required for the virus to attach |
front 59 how does specialized transduction differ from lysogency | back 59 the prophase in specialized transduction carries with it pieces of the host chromosomal DNA |
front 60 what happens to the packaged DNA of a specialized transduced phage when it infects a new recipient cell | back 60 the host DNA integrates, with the prophage, into the new recipient chromosome |
front 61 how can a specialized transduction contribute to the transfer of antibiotic resistant genes in bacterial population | back 61 the prophage takes an antibiotic resistance gene with it and is packaged with the newly synthesized viral DNA |
front 62 true statement concerning a lysogenic viral replication cycle | back 62 during lysogency, the viral genome integrates into the host DNA, becoming a physical part of the chromosome |
front 63 how are virus different from cells | back 63 they require a host in order to reproduce |
front 64 what is the function of the structural elements of a virus | back 64 to package and protect the viral genome |
front 65 how do naked viruses differ from enveloped viruses in their attachment/penetration phase | back 65 their nucleic acids are injected into the cell |
front 66 which virus employs the use of an RNA dependent RNA polymerase | back 66 +RNA viruses |
front 67 which of the following viruses is transcribed from RNA to DNA to RNA during the replication cycle | back 67 retroviruses |
front 68 which type of virus would produce viral glycoproteins to be expressed on the host cell membrane | back 68 enveloped viruses |
front 69 what can be directly used a messenger RNA | back 69 +RNA |
front 70 which step of viral replication are antibodies directly preventing | back 70 attachment |
front 71 in which step does the virus acquire an envelop | back 71 release |
front 72 what occurs during viral uncoating | back 72 the capsid breaks apart, releasing the viral genome |
front 73 how do all viruses differ from bacteria | back 73 virus are not composed of cells |
front 74 false statement about viruses | back 74 viruses use their own catabolic enzymes |
front 75 viruses are the only know infectious agents that are obligatory intracellular parasites | back 75 false |
front 76 what is not used as a criterion to classify viruses | back 76 biochemical tests |
front 77 glycoprotein spikes are found on the capsids of all viruses | back 77 false |
front 78 viruses that utilize reverse transcriptase belong to the virus families | back 78 hepadvaviridae and retroviridae |
front 79 DNA made from an RNA template will be incorporated into the virus capsid of | back 79 hepadnaviridae |
front 80 not utilized to culture viruses | back 80 culture media |
front 81 bacteriophages and animal viruses do not differ significantly in this step | back 81 biosynthesis |
front 82 phage DNA in incorporated into host cell DNA | back 82 lysogency |
front 83 lysogency can result in all the following except | back 83 immunity to reinfection by any phage |
front 84 the first step in the biosynthesis of a virus with a minus strand of RNA | back 84 synthesis of double stranded RNA from an RNA template |
front 85 a viruss ability to infect an animal cell depends primarily upon the | back 85 presence of receptor sites on cell membrane |
front 86 the mechanism whereby an enveloped virus leaves a host cell is called | back 86 budding |
front 87 bacteriophages derive all the following from the host cell except | back 87 lysozyme |
front 88 bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves | back 88 injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell |
front 89 generally in an infection caused by a DNA containing virus, the host animal cell supplies all of the following except | back 89 DNA polymerase |
front 90 the third step in multiplication of herpesviruses | back 90 uncoating |
front 91 the fourth step in multiplication of retroviruses | back 91 synthesis of double stranded DNA |
front 92 the third step of a + strand RNA virus | back 92 synthesis of - strand of RNA |
front 93 the most conclusive evident that viruses cause cancers is provided by | back 93 cancer following injection of cell free filtrates |
front 94 oncogenic viruses | back 94 cause tumors to develop |
front 95 what is necessary for replication of a prion | back 95 PrPsc |
front 96 an infectious protein | back 96 prion |
front 97 which virus is not associated with cancer | back 97 coronavirus |
front 98 the study of structural and functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease | back 98 pathology |
front 99 example of a symbiotic relation known as a mutualism | back 99 e coli within the large intestine |
front 100 epidemiology is defined as the study of | back 100 where and when a disease occurs and how it is transmitted |
front 101 role of epidemiology | back 101 to learn how to treat and prevent various diseases |
front 102 a true statement about the development of infectious disease | back 102 the period of convalescence is the time during which the person regains health and fully recovers |
front 103 one effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. this can result in | back 103 increased susceptibility to disease |
front 104 a commensal bacterium | back 104 may also be an opportunistic pathogen |
front 105 a true statement about symbiotic relationship | back 105 a least one member must benefit |
front 106 transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota | back 106 are present for a relatively short time |
front 107 Kock observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. what is this condition called | back 107 septicemia |
front 108 a pattern of disease where the patient is not experiencing any signs or symptoms | back 108 incubation and convalescence |
front 109 what disease is not spread by droplet infection | back 109 botulism |
front 110 biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission | back 110 involves specific diseases |
front 111 an example of a fomite | back 111 hypodermic needle |
front 112 a cold transmitted by a facial tissue is an example of which form of disease transmission | back 112 indirect contact transmission |
front 113 a needlestick is an example of a | back 113 fomite |
front 114 a nosocomial infection is | back 114 acquired during the course of hospitalization |
front 115 pseudomonas bacterial colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. this is an example of | back 115 nosocomial infection |
front 116 the science that deals with when disease occur and how they are transmitted is called | back 116 epidemiology |
front 117 for a particular disease at a specific time period, morbidity rates should always be equal or greater than mortality rates | back 117 true |
front 118 diseases that are referred to as EID have only been discovered in the past fifty years | back 118 false |
front 119 compromised hosts are always suffering from suppressed immune systems | back 119 false |
front 120 reservoirs of infections are always animate objects | back 120 false |
front 121 both normal and transient flora can become opportunistic pathogens | back 121 true |