Instructions for Side by Side Printing
- Print the notecards
- Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
- Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
- Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
ch. 17, 18, 19 art questions
front 1  Into which chamber of the heart do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus return deoxygenated blood? | back 1 right atrium |
front 2 Which chamber of the heart sends oxygenated blood to the aorta to the systemic circuit? | back 2 left ventricle |
front 3 Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood via the pulmonary circuit? | back 3 left atrium |
front 4  Which of the following is a branch of the right coronary artery? | back 4 posterior interventricular artery |
front 5  Which artery serves the myocardium of the lateral right side of the heart? | back 5 right marginal artery |
front 6  From what vessel do the left and right coronary arteries arise? | back 6 aorta |
front 7  What separates the parietal and visceral pericardium? | back 7 pericardial cavity |
front 8  Which of the following is the outermost covering of the heart? | back 8 fibrous pericardium |
front 9 Which layer of the heart wall contracts and is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue? | back 9 myocardium |
front 10  Which of the following is NOT a vein that returns blood to the right atrium of the heart? | back 10 pulmonary vein |
front 11 Into what vessel does the left ventricle eject blood? | back 11 aorta |
front 12 Into which chamber do the pulmonary veins send blood? | back 12 left atrium |
front 13  Which statement regarding cardiac muscle structure is accurate? | back 13 Myofibrils of cardiac muscle tissue vary in diameter and branch extensively. |
front 14 Consider the following characteristics of the cells found in muscle tissue. Which feature is shared by both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle? | back 14 striations |
front 15 Which functional feature best describes the manner in which cardiac muscle contracts? | back 15 Automaticity (autorhythmicity) promotes the spontaneous contraction of the cardiac muscle cells. |
front 16  At what rate does the sinoatrial (SA) node ensure depolarization in the heart? | back 16 75 beats of the heart per minute |
front 17 Specifically, what part of the intrinsic conduction system stimulates the atrioventricular (AV) node to conduct impulses to the atrioventricular bundle? | back 17 sinoatrial (SA) node |
front 18 Which of the following pacemaker cells generates impulses of approximately 75 depolarizations per minute in order to control the heart's contraction rate? | back 18 sinoatrial (SA) node |
front 19  Which portion of the electrocardiogram represents the depolarization wave received from the sinoatrial (SA) node through the atria? | back 19 P wave |
front 20  Which portion of the electrocardiogram represents the time during which the atria repolarize? | back 20 QRS complex |
front 21  During which portion of the electrocardiogram do the atria contract? | back 21 P-R interval |
front 22  Determine which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) tracings is missing P waves. Select from letters A-D. | back 22 B |
front 23 Determine which ECG shows a normal sinus rhythm. Select from letters A-D. | back 23 A |
front 24 Determine which ECG shows a mostly 2:1 ratio of P waves to QRS waves. Select from letters A-D. | back 24 C |
front 25  What is the period during the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are completely closed chambers and blood volume in the chambers remains constant as the ventricles contract? | back 25 isovolumetric contraction phase |
front 26 At what point in the cardiac cycle is pressure in the ventricles the highest (around 120 mm Hg)? | back 26 ventricular systole |
front 27 How long is the cardiac cycle, assuming the heart beats 75 times per minute? | back 27 0.8 seconds |
front 28  Which of the following would cause a decrease in the contractility of the heart? | back 28 increasing extracellular potassium levels |
front 29  Calculate the stroke volume if the end diastolic volume (EDV) is 135 mL/beat and the end systolic volume (ESV) is 60 mL/beat. | back 29 75 mL/beat |
front 30 Which of the following increases stroke volume? | back 30 exercise |
front 31  Point that represents the "dup" sound made by the heart. | back 31 E |
front 32  What is hematocrit a measure of? | back 32 Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. |
front 33  Which of the following is best suited to the clotting process that occurs when blood vessels are ruptured? | back 33 platelets |
front 34  Which event of hemostasis constricts the damaged artery to reduce blood loss? Select from letters A-D. | back 34 A |
front 35 During which event of hemostasis do clotting factors (procoagulants) assist with the transformation of blood from a liquid to a gel? Select from letters A-D. | back 35 D |
front 36  What "clot buster" enzyme removes unneeded clots after healing has occurred during fibrinolysis? | back 36 plasmin |
front 37  When a person has an acute bacterial infection, such as meningitis or appendicitis, which type of leukocyte increases in number? | back 37 neutrophils |
front 38  Which type of leukocyte is responsible for antibody production? | back 38 lymphocytes |
front 39  When we take anti-histamines, we are countering the effects of which type of leukocyte? | back 39 basophils |
front 40  What do the lymphoid stem cells give rise to? | back 40 lymphocytes |
front 41  Which cell of the myeloid stem cell pathway has accumulated granules? | back 41 myelocytes |
front 42  From which cell do the granulocytes descend? | back 42 myeloblast |
front 43  What part of the pathway to produce platelets is shared with other formed elements? | back 43 hematopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast) |
front 44  Which formed element can be described as cytoplasmic fragments? | back 44 platelets |
front 45  Which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte? | back 45 Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave discs. |
front 46  What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that allows for respiratory gas transport? | back 46 hemoglobin |
front 47  What triggers erythropoietin (EPO) production to make new red blood cells? | back 47 reduced availability of oxygen |
front 48  Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds carbon dioxide for transport? | back 48 amino acids of globin |
front 49 How many oxygen molecules can be transported by one hemoglobin molecule? | back 49 4 |
front 50 When oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, what bright red molecule is formed? | back 50 oxyhemoglobin |
front 51  Specifically, what is the production of red blood cells called? | back 51 erythropoiesis |
front 52 What is a young, anucleate erythrocyte called? | back 52 reticulocyte |
front 53  What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis? | back 53 bone marrow |
front 54  What part of the hemoglobin molecule is recycled to form bile? | back 54 a portion of the heme group |
front 55 What erythrocyte production disorder results from an autoimmune disease associated with vitamin B12 absorption? | back 55 pernicious anemia |
front 56  What role do the kidneys play in erythropoiesis? | back 56 The kidneys detect low levels of oxygen in the blood. |
front 57  The majority of whole blood is __________. | back 57 plasma |
front 58 What does dark red blood indicate? | back 58 oxygen-poor blood |
front 59  Which layer of the typical blood vessel is constructed from simple squamous epithelium? | back 59 tunica intima |
front 60  Which layer of the typical vessel can be regulated via vasoconstriction or vasodilation? | back 60 tunica media |
front 61  What is the outermost layer of the blood vessel wall for an artery or vein? | back 61 tunica externa |
front 62  Which type of vessel contains elastin in all three tunics to allow the vessel to expand and recoil as the heart ejects blood? | back 62 elastic artery |
front 63  What type of vessel has relatively more smooth muscle and less elastic tissue? | back 63 muscular artery |
front 64  What type of vessel has relatively little smooth muscle or elastin in the tunica media, a large lumen (average of 5.0 mm in diameter), and thin walls (average of 0.5 mm)? | back 64 vein |
front 65  Calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) if systolic blood pressure is 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure is 70 mm Hg. | back 65 87 mm Hg |
front 66  What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure? | back 66 arterioles |
front 67  What vessels sustain a drop in pressure from approximately 35 mm Hg to around 17 mm Hg? | back 67 capillaries |
front 68  Which hormone of the indirect renal mechanism promotes sodium reabsorption by the kidneys to increase mean arterial pressure? | back 68 aldosterone |
front 69  Which of the following is NOT one of the four ways in which angiotensin II works to increase arterial blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume? | back 69 Angiotensin II promotes vasodilation that decreases peripheral resistance. |
front 70  Which of the following would be interrupted in the indirect renal mechanism if angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is blocked from performing its job? | back 70 conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II |
front 71  Which of the following is a metabolic factor that influences blood flow? | back 71 low oxygen levels |
front 72  Which of the following promotes vasodilation? | back 72 nitric oxide |
front 73  Which of the following intrinsic mechanisms (autoregulation) for controlling arteriolar smooth muscle diameter promotes vasoconstriction? | back 73 endothelins |
front 74  What pressure is responsible for reabsorption and for pulling fluids into the venous end of capillaries? | back 74 osmotic pressure in capillary (OPc) |
front 75  What is the value for the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arteriolar end of the capillary? | back 75 10 mm Hg |
front 76  Assume a person is experiencing a hemorrhage and the HPc has dropped to 23 mm Hg at the arteriole end of the capillary. Calculate net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arteriole end of the capillary. | back 76 -2 mm Hg |
front 77  Which vessel leaves the right ventricle of the heart to take oxygen-poor, dark red blood into pulmonary circulation? | back 77 pulmonary trunk |
front 78  Which vessel(s) return(s) oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart to complete the pulmonary circuit? | back 78 pulmonary vein |
front 79  Which vessel(s) of the pulmonary circuit transport(s) oxygen-rich blood? | back 79 pulmonary vein |
front 80  From what artery does the right common carotid artery arise? | back 80 brachiocephalic trunk |
front 81  Which artery branches off the subclavian arteries? Select from letters A-D. | back 81 A |
front 82  Which vessel sends branches to the thyroid, larynx, tongue, skin, and muscles of the anterior face and posterior scalp? Select from letters A-D. | back 82 C |
front 83  Which artery branches into the common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastric artery? Select from letters A-D. | back 83 A |
front 84  Which artery serves the distal part of the large intestine via its left colic, sigmoidal, and superior rectal branches? Select from letters A-D. | back 84 D |
front 85  Which artery serves nearly all of the small intestine via the intestinal arteries and most of the large intestine via the ileocolic, middle colic, and right colic arteries? Select from letters A-D. | back 85 C |
front 86  Which vein is the longest in the body and empties into the femoral vein? Select from letters A-D. | back 86 B |
front 87  What vein is formed from the union of the anterior tibial vein and posterior tibial vein? Select from letters A-D. | back 87 C |
front 88  Which vein becomes the external iliac vein as it enters the pelvis? Select from letters A-D. | back 88 A |