front 1 These are lipid soluble hormones derived from cholesterol: | back 1 steroid hormones |
front 2 Which of the following is a major eicosanoid? | back 2 prostaglandins and leukotrienes |
front 3 What is a major difference in the mechanism of action of a water-soluble hormone versus a lipid-soluble
| back 3 the use of a second messenger in elicting their action |
front 4 When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called: | back 4 antagonism |
front 5 Which of the following hormone pairs does not have opposite functions: | back 5 T4 and T3 |
front 6 Recall your knowledge of the sympathetic system. What would be the outcome of an injection of
| back 6 increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, dialated bronchi, and decreased peristalsis |
front 7 What controls the anterior pituitary gland? | back 7 action of the hypothalamic hormones |
front 8 Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth: | back 8 growth hormone |
front 9 Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulate milk production: | back 9 prolactin |
front 10 Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of which ions in the blood? | back 10 calcium |
front 11 Which blood glucose-lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells? | back 11 insulin |
front 12 Medullary chromaffin cells are analogous to postganglionic neurons and are found in the: | back 12 adrenal medula |
front 13 Estrogen is to the female as this hormone is to the male: | back 13 testosterone |
front 14 When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is called: | back 14 down regulation |
front 15 For the formation of thyroxine to occur, it is essential that the ion of this element be present. | back 15 iodine |
front 16 What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland? | back 16 low levels of calcium ion in the blood |
front 17 These cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin: | back 17 beta |
front 18 Target cells for hypothalamic inhibiting and releasing hormones are in the: | back 18 anterior pituitary |
front 19 Releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the release of hormones in the anterior pituitary come
| back 19 hypothalamus |
front 20 Which of the following is NOT characteristic of steroid hormones? | back 20 receptors are located on the cell membrane |
front 21 Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions? | back 21 pancreas |
front 22 Which of the following pairs produce antagonistic results? | back 22 calcitonin and parathyroid |
front 23 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): | back 23 stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids |
front 24 Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids results in the following clinical symptoms: redistribution of body fat, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, hypertension, 'moon face' and 'buffalo hump', excessive bruising, and poor wound healing. These symptoms are associated with: | back 24 Cushing's syndrome |
front 25 A sign of pituitary dwarfism is: | back 25 premature closing of the epiphyseal plates |
front 26 Which of the following are associated with diabetes mellitus? | back 26 glycisuria, polyuria, ketosis, and hyperglycemia |
front 27 Autocrines are: | back 27 local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them |
front 28 Eicosanoid hormones are produced in: | back 28 all cells except red blood cells |
front 29 This is the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems: | back 29 hypothalamus |
front 30 Blood passes in a direct route from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through the: | back 30 hypophyseal portal vein |
front 31 The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes: | back 31 oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone |
front 32 Abnormally low secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland results in the disease: | back 32 diabetes insipidus |
front 33 The pineal gland is located in the: | back 33 brain |
front 34 Alpha cells secrete insulin that increases blood glucose. | back 34 False |
front 35 Therapeutic lipid soluble hormones must be injected whereas peptide hormones can be administered
| back 35 False |
front 36 A common second messenger is cAMP. | back 36 True |
front 37 When the effect of two or more hormones acting together is greater than the sum of each, this is said to be a synergistic effect. | back 37 True |
front 38 Lipid soluble hormones have their receptors in the cytoplasm (or nucleus) of target cells. | back 38 True |
front 39 Gonadotrophs are cells within the posterior pituitary that secrete follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. | back 39 False |
front 40 Most of the action of human growth hormone (hGH) is to promote the synthesis and secretion of small
| back 40 True |
front 41 The hypothalamus controls most of the endocrine releases from the pituitary. | back 41 True |
front 42 Increased secretion of calcitonin, produced in the (thyroid, parathyroid) gland (raises, lowers) blood calcium and phosphate by (stimulating, inhibiting) bone resorption by osteoclasts. | back 42 thyroid, lowers, inhibiting |
front 43 Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (increases, decreases) bone resorption and (increases, decreases) blood calcium and phosphate. | back 43 increases, increases |
front 44 The adrenal medulla secretes these amines after stimulation of sympathetic nerves to supplement or prolong the "fight or flight" response - _____________________ and ________________________ | back 44 epinephrine, norepinephrine |
front 45 Stimulates growth of axillary and pubic hair | back 45 androogens |
front 46 Augments the fight or flight response | back 46 epinephrine and norepinephrine |
front 47 Regulates metabolism and resistance to stress | back 47 cortisol |
front 48 Increases blood glucose level | back 48 glucagon |
front 49 Local hormones involved in inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and blood flow | back 49 prostaglandins |
front 50 Stimulates or inhibits the secretion of the hormones of the anterior pituitary | back 50 hypothalamic regulating (releasing and inhibiting) hormones |
front 51 Stimulates synthesis and release of T3 and T4 | back 51 thyroid stimulating hormone |
front 52 Stimulates egg and sperm production | back 52 follicle stimulating hormone |
front 53 Decreases blood glucose level | back 53 insulin |
front 54 Regulates the body's biological clock and sleep cycles | back 54 melatonin |
front 55 Promotes T cell maturation | back 55 thymosin |
front 56 Stimulates sex hormone production, triggers ovulation | back 56 luteinizing hormone |
front 57 Helps control water and electrolyte homeostasis | back 57 aldosterone |
front 58 Enhances uterine contractions during labor; stimulates milk ejection | back 58 oxytocin |
front 59 Increases blood Ca+2 level | back 59 parathyroid hormone |
front 60 Regulates oxygen use, basal metabolic rate, cellular metabolism, and growth and development | back 60 thyroxine and triidothyronine |
front 61 Increases skin pigmentation in animals and controls appetite in humans | back 61 melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
front 62 Initiates and maintains milk secretion by the mammary glands | back 62 prolactin |
front 63 Inhibits water loss through the kidneys | back 63 antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin |
front 64 Stimulates protein synthesis, inhibits protein breakdown, stimulates lipolysis, and retards the use of glucose for ATP production | back 64 human growth hormone |
front 65 Decreases blood Ca+2 level | back 65 calcitonin |
front 66 An enlargement of the thyroid gland often due to iodide deficiency | back 66 goiter |
front 67 Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone that is present at birth | back 67 congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) |
front 68 Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone in adults | back 68 myxedema |
front 69 Hyperthyroidism, an autoimmune disease | back 69 Grave's disease |
front 70 Hyposecretion of insulin or down regulation of insulin receptors | back 70 diabetes mellitus |
front 71 Hyposecretion of ADH | back 71 diabetes insipidus |
front 72 Hyposecretion of human growth hormone before epiphyseal plates close | back 72 pituitary dwarfism |
front 73 Hypersecretion of human growth hormone after epiphyseal plates close | back 73 acromegaly |
front 74 Hypersecretion of human growth hormone before epiphyseal plates close | back 74 giantism |
front 75 Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone | back 75 Addison's disease |
front 76 Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids | back 76 Cushing's disease |