Human Anatomy and Physiology: Anatomy Chapter 16 Flashcards

These are lipid soluble hormones derived from cholesterol:

Which of the following is a major eicosanoid?

What is a major difference in the mechanism of action of a water-soluble hormone versus a lipid-soluble
hormone?

When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called:

Which of the following hormone pairs does not have opposite functions:

Recall your knowledge of the sympathetic system. What would be the outcome of an injection of
epinephrine:

What controls the anterior pituitary gland?

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth:

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulate milk production:

Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of which ions in the blood?

Which blood glucose-lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells?

Medullary chromaffin cells are analogous to postganglionic neurons and are found in the:

Estrogen is to the female as this hormone is to the male:

When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is called:

For the formation of thyroxine to occur, it is essential that the ion of this element be present.

What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?

These cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin:

Target cells for hypothalamic inhibiting and releasing hormones are in the:

Releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the release of hormones in the anterior pituitary come
from:

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of steroid hormones?

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

Which of the following pairs produce antagonistic results?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH):

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids results in the following clinical symptoms: redistribution of body fat, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, hypertension, 'moon face' and 'buffalo hump', excessive bruising, and poor wound healing. These symptoms are associated with:

A sign of pituitary dwarfism is:

Which of the following are associated with diabetes mellitus?

Autocrines are:

Eicosanoid hormones are produced in:

This is the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems:

Blood passes in a direct route from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through the:

The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes:

Abnormally low secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland results in the disease:

The pineal gland is located in the:

Alpha cells secrete insulin that increases blood glucose.

Therapeutic lipid soluble hormones must be injected whereas peptide hormones can be administered
orally.

A common second messenger is cAMP.

When the effect of two or more hormones acting together is greater than the sum of each, this is said to be a synergistic effect.

Lipid soluble hormones have their receptors in the cytoplasm (or nucleus) of target cells.

Gonadotrophs are cells within the posterior pituitary that secrete follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

Most of the action of human growth hormone (hGH) is to promote the synthesis and secretion of small
protein hormones called insulinlike growth factors or somatomedins.

The hypothalamus controls most of the endocrine releases from the pituitary.

Increased secretion of calcitonin, produced in the (thyroid, parathyroid) gland (raises, lowers) blood calcium and phosphate by (stimulating, inhibiting) bone resorption by osteoclasts.

Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (increases, decreases) bone resorption and (increases, decreases) blood calcium and phosphate.

The adrenal medulla secretes these amines after stimulation of sympathetic nerves to supplement or prolong the "fight or flight" response - _____________________ and ________________________

Stimulates growth of axillary and pubic hair

Augments the fight or flight response

Regulates metabolism and resistance to stress

Increases blood glucose level

Local hormones involved in inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and blood flow

Stimulates or inhibits the secretion of the hormones of the anterior pituitary

Stimulates synthesis and release of T3 and T4

Stimulates egg and sperm production

Decreases blood glucose level

Regulates the body's biological clock and sleep cycles

Promotes T cell maturation

Stimulates sex hormone production, triggers ovulation

Helps control water and electrolyte homeostasis

Enhances uterine contractions during labor; stimulates milk ejection

Increases blood Ca+2 level

Regulates oxygen use, basal metabolic rate, cellular metabolism, and growth and development

Increases skin pigmentation in animals and controls appetite in humans

Initiates and maintains milk secretion by the mammary glands

Inhibits water loss through the kidneys

Stimulates protein synthesis, inhibits protein breakdown, stimulates lipolysis, and retards the use of glucose for ATP production

Decreases blood Ca+2 level

An enlargement of the thyroid gland often due to iodide deficiency

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone that is present at birth

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone in adults

Hyperthyroidism, an autoimmune disease

Hyposecretion of insulin or down regulation of insulin receptors

Hyposecretion of ADH

Hyposecretion of human growth hormone before epiphyseal plates close

Hypersecretion of human growth hormone after epiphyseal plates close

Hypersecretion of human growth hormone before epiphyseal plates close

Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids