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HUN Final Exam

front 1

Foods that have been subjected to any process such as addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called _____ foods.

back 1

Processed

front 2

A false story has circulated for several years on the Internet about the chickens used by a popular national fried chicken chain. It claims that the chickens used by the company have been genetically modified to have no heads, beaks, or feet and are kept alive with feeding tubes. This is an example of:

back 2

Urban Legend

front 3

A certain amount of fiber in foods contributes to the health of the digestive tract, but too much fiber leads to nutrient losses. The characteristic of diet planning illustrated by this statement is called:

back 3

adequacy

front 4

One gram of alcohol is equal to _____ calories.

back 4

seven

front 5

Malnutrition includes deficiencies, imbalances, and excesses of nutrients, any of which can be detrimental over time.

back 5

True

front 6

Licensing provides a way to identify people who have met minimum standards of education and experience.

back 6

True

front 7

Which of the following research designs are among the most powerful tools in nutrition research because they show the effects of treatments?

back 7

intervention and laboratory experiments

front 8

Data from a national survey showed that on a given day two-thirds of our population consume inadequate:

back 8

fruits

front 9

Scientists have developed a new type of margarine containing plant ingredients they think will lower blood cholesterol levels in people who use the margarine. They want to test this by having some people use the new margarine for a while and then compare their cholesterol levels with those of a group of people who use regular margarine. This is an example of what type of research design?

back 9

laboratory study or intervention????

front 10

A food provides 8 grams of fat and 300 total calories. What is the percentage of calories as fat in this product?

back 10

24%

front 11

A popular star has a half-hour television show describing a new dietary supplement that she claims has made her much healthier. During the show she describes how she has seen improvement in her skin, hair, and eyesight without going to the doctor. This is an example of

back 11

infomercial

front 12

An advertisement for a new performance-enhancing supplement is on the Internet. What can you assume about the advertisement for the supplement?

back 12

the information needs to be checked for scientific validity and accuracy

front 13

You can tell a claim about nutrition is suspect if it bears the following characteristics:

back 13

It appears in a scientific journal that is peer reviewed.

front 14

The credential “R.D.” displayed by a dietitia´s name indicates registration with:

back 14

the American Dietetic Association

front 15

Characteristics of a legitimate and qualified nutrition expert include:

back 15

Completion of a medical degree.

front 16

Effects of physical activity on the body include all of the following except

back 16

decreased bone density

front 17

When considering the effect of genetics and nutrition on chronic disease development in individuals

back 17

we need to understand that all individuals have the same genetic makeup.

front 18

One of the characteristics of a nutritious diet is that the foods provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy. This principle of diet planning is called

back 18

adequacy

front 19

A woman who has begun a new exercise program to keep herself healthy will need to consider that her discretionary calorie allowance:

back 19

will increase as the exercise activity increases.

front 20

The percentages of the Daily Values on food packages are given in terms of a person requiring _____ calories each day.

back 20

2,000

front 21

Foods that provide zero discretionary calories:

back 21

are naturally low in fat and have no added fats or sugars

front 22

The exchange list system highlights the fact that many meats contain more calories from fat than from protein.

back 22

True

front 23

The primary difference between recommendations for nutrient intakes and values set for energy intake is that the value for energy intake is not generous.

back 23

True

front 24

Which of the following is the best and safest source of phytochemicals?

back 24

whole foods

front 25

A 51-year-old sedentary woman still has some discretionary calories available for her evening meal. The best choice for her to select for that meal would be to:

back 25

have a serving of cooked carrots with her meal in addition to her salad.

front 26

The bottom portion of the Nutrition Facts panel on a food package:

back 26

a and b

front 27

Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.

back 27

True

front 28

What are the major roles of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

back 28

the microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them

front 29

The digestive juices in the digestive tract include

back 29

pancreatic juice which neutralizes stomach acids reaching the small intestine.

front 30

You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormonal messages will tell an organ to send ____ in amounts matched to the amount of fat present.

back 30

Bile

front 31

Degenerative diseases are often referred to as chronic diseases.

back 31

Bile

front 32

Resting blood pressure should ideally be _____ or lower.

back 32

120 over 80

front 33

Heart disease in women is characterized by:

back 33

development at a later age than in men.

front 34

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body’s defenses considerably.

back 34

True

front 35

A man with pre-hypertension is trying to keep his blood pressure from going higher. Which of the following dietary changes might help?

back 35

remove the salt shaker from the table

front 36

A friend complains of blurred vision, cravings for sweets, weakness, and excessive thirst and urination. These symptoms are suggestive of:

back 36

Diabetes

front 37

Which of the following animal-derived foods contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?

back 37

Milk

front 38

You are trying to convince someone that a low-carbohydrate diet is undesirable. Reasons you would give to support your statement include:

back 38

no data

front 39

How would you respond to someone who states that white bread is just as nutritious as whole-wheat bread?

back 39

b and c

front 40

What would be the best advice to give for physical activity for a person with diabetes?

back 40

regular physical activity is beneficial for controlling weight and tissue sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetes

front 41

Which of the following foods contains about 15 grams of carbohydrate?

back 41

A and b

front 42

Which of the following is most closely related to diabetes?

back 42

sugar content in the diet

front 43

Which of the following is the most-used monosaccharide inside the body?

back 43

Glucose

front 44

Carbohydrates are essential to provide energy for the body because:

back 44

the glucose that is produced from them is the preferred fuel source to most of the body

front 45

Complex carbohydrates:

back 45

are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber.

front 46

In an effort to lower LDL you would tell someone to:

back 46

a and c

front 47

Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body?

back 47

carries the water-soluble nutrients

front 48

The major storage form of fats in our body is:

back 48

triglycerides, which are made up of fatty acids and glycerol.

front 49

triglycerides, which are made up of fatty acids and glycerol.

back 49

dismantling stored fat in fat cells and releasing components into blood.

front 50

Fatty acids in foods influence the composition of fats in the body.

back 50

True

front 51

Which of the following would be the best dietary advice for someone who needs to lower her blood cholesterol levels?

back 51

reduce the intake of saturated and trans fat in your diet to lower LDL levels in the blood

front 52

Which of the following food groups in the USDA Food Guide always contains fat?

back 52

a and c

front 53

Some ground turkey and chicken products in which the skin is ground in are much higher in fats than lean beef.

back 53

TRue

front 54

All of the following provide about 5 grams of pure fat except:

back 54

2 tablespoons sour cream

front 55

The abundance of types of foods today has made it:

back 55

more difficult to plan a nutritious diet.

front 56

Most foods that are high in calcium are poor sources of iron. This statement illustrates the importance of the characteristic of a nutritious diet known as:

back 56

balance

front 57

The compound that gives hot peppers their burning taste is called a:

back 57

phytochemical

front 58

The term _“____” has no legal definition but is often used on food labels to imply wholesomeness.

back 58

natural

front 59

What type of research studies populations and is often used to search for correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence?

back 59

epidemiological study

front 60

When considering the effect of genetics and nutrition on chronic disease development in individuals:

back 60

our genetic inheritance determines the influence nutrition will have on disease prevention.

front 61

The credential “R.D.” displayed by a dietitian's name indicates registration with:

back 61

the American Dietetic Association.

front 62

The major role in the body that all vitamins and minerals have is:

back 62

to act as regulators in body processes.

front 63

As more research is showing the possible benefits of phytochemicals for health, the best way to approach consuming them in your diet is to:

back 63

include a variety of fruits and vegetables containing phytochemicals in your diet.

front 64

An important role of the exchange system of categorizing foods is to:

back 64

provide groupings of similar foods by their carbohydrate, fat, protein, and calorie content.

front 65

The primary difference between recommendations for nutrient intakes and values set for energy intake is that the value for energy intake is not generous.

back 65

True

front 66

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are appropriately used for all of the following except:

back 66

estimating the nutrient needs of persons with medical problems.

front 67

One of the best sources of lycopene is:

back 67

tomatoes

front 68

Any food providing 10% or more of the Daily Value for a nutrient is considered to be a _____ source of the nutrient.

back 68

good

front 69

The term "brown bread" on a label is a guarantee that the bread has been made with whole-grain flour.

back 69

False

front 70

Products of the incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available are called:

back 70

ketone bodies

front 71

Fruits differ from concentrated sweets because:

back 71

more nutrient dense
packaged with fiber

front 72

Which of the following is not one of the complex carbohydrates?

back 72

fructose

front 73

In the past three decades, carbohydrate intake in this country has:

back 73

increased along with calorie intake.

front 74

Which of the following would you recommend for a person with lactose intolerance?

back 74

aged cheese

front 75

When considering the health concerns of diabetes it is important to remember that:

back 75

if poorly controlled it can damage major organs and tissues in the body.

front 76

When controlling the fat intake in your diet it is best to use the following suggestion:

back 76

no data

front 77

The most heart-healthy margarines are those:

back 77

which list liquid oil as the first ingredient.

front 78

Research on the benefits of fatty acids and their components has shown that:

back 78

seafood-consuming populations have a lower rate of death from heart disease.

front 79

The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid classifies legumes as:

back 79

part of the fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains group.

front 80

Which of the following statements about trans fatty acids is true?

back 80

They arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated.

front 81

To protect yourself from consuming too much _____, you would limit your consumption of swordfish, king mackerel, and shark.

back 81

mercury

front 82

When you are selecting the type of fish to eat, which of the following should you consider?

back 82

the species of fish chosen for grilled, baked, or broiled dishes contain higher levels of EPA and DHA

front 83

All of the following statements concerning cholesterol are true except:

back 83

it is an essential nutrient.

front 84

All of the following are risk factors for CVD except:

back 84

diastolic blood pressure of 80.

front 85

Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for CVD?

back 85

LDL 160 mg/dL or higher

front 86

Obesity is a risk for certain cancers such as colon, breast, endometrial, pancreas, and kidney cancer.

back 86

True

front 87

Health care providers are now able to tailor a person’s treatment to prevent or minimize disease based on their identified genetic profile.

back 87

no data

front 88

Which of the following strategies should be used by someone experiencing heartburn?

back 88

a and b

front 89

Body fluids supply the tissues continuously with energy, oxygen and nutrients, including water.

back 89

True

front 90

Most people have aversions to ____ tastes.

back 90

Bitter

front 91

The primary organ of digestion and absorption is the

back 91

small intestine

front 92

Sound nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs.

back 92

True

front 93

Which of the following is not associated with an excess of protein?

back 93

no data

front 94

A child with marasmus would exhibit all of the following symptoms except:

back 94

edema

front 95

The calorie-deficiency disease resulting from chronic starvation is known most specifically as:

back 95

marasmus

front 96

If needed, protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and also serve the glucose need of the brain.

back 96

true

front 97

Of the following foods, which likely contains the most easily digestible protein?

back 97

Tuna

front 98

The body normally makes tyrosine from the essential amino acid:

back 98

phenylalanine

front 99

Which statement is true of a vegan diet?

back 99

very young children and the elderly may not consume enough plant sources of protein to build and maintain bone and muscle tissue

front 100

The best way for a vegetarian to ensure adequate absorption of iron in the diet is to:

back 100

no data

front 101

To ensure adequate intakes of vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium, vegans need to:

back 101

a and c

front 102

You have mixed a container of juice from its concentrate form and placed the open pitcher in the refrigerator to drink from over several days. Which vitamin in the juice is most at risk from the exposure to the air in the refrigerator?

back 102

no data

front 103

Fortified plant sources of vitamin D available in the United States include:

back 103

no data

front 104

Tobacco use introduces oxidants into the body that can do potential harm to the body tissues. What antioxidant plays an important role in protecting sensitive blood constituents from being damaged, and so is needed in much higher amounts in people exposed to tobacco products and smoke?

back 104

vitamin C

front 105

Which of the following would be most likely to develop pellagra?

back 105

a person who does not consume meats and eats corn as the dietary staple

front 106

Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include:

back 106

no data

front 107

If a person does need to take a vitamin supplement, it is best for them to select a product that:

back 107

has a balance of the vitamins you really need with few added ingredients.

front 108

You advise your grandmother against using mineral oil as a laxative because:

back 108

no data

front 109

Research suggests that deficiency of vitamin D may lead to:

back 109

no data

front 110

Which of the following ethnic groups has the highest bone density?

back 110

Africans

front 111

Which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of water?

back 111

margarine

front 112

The chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells is:

back 112

sodium

front 113

Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ milligrams per day of sodium.

back 113

3400

front 114

Over half of the body’s magnesium is stored in the:

back 114

bones

front 115

Which of the following impairs iron absorption?

back 115

no data

front 116

If a person has a deficient intake of calcium in the diet, what will be the result?

back 116

no change in levels of calcium in the blood because calcium will be pulled from the bones

front 117

What are the best beverages to drink?

back 117

no data

front 118

How much water and fluid beverages (in cups) should a man consume each day, under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet?

back 118

13

front 119

Which of the following is not characteristic of water?

back 119

no data

front 120

A person who diets without exercising:

back 120

b and c

front 121

One pound of body fat is equal to _____ calories.

back 121

3500

front 122

Society plays a role in eating disorders because they are known only in developed nations and they become more prevalent as wealth increases and food becomes plentiful.

back 122

True

front 123

The hormone produced by adipose tissue in response to body fat production that helps to control obesity is:

back 123

leptin

front 124

Waist circumference indicates visceral fatness, and above a certain girth, disease risks rise, even when BMI values are normal.

back 124

True

front 125

Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is:

back 125

a distorted body image

front 126

Which of the following statements about basal metabolism is true?

back 126

no data

front 127

Donna weighs 160 pounds. How many grams of fat should Donna consume in order to meet the DRI recommendation, if she consumes 1600 calories a day?

back 127

no data

front 128

Which of the following foods has the greatest energy density?

back 128

vanilla ice cream that weighs 39 grams and is 155 calories

front 129

You have chosen to treat yourself to one weekly mocha latte coffee, which has 215 calories. This could add how much to your body weight in a year’s time?

back 129

3 pounds

front 130

Muscle growth is stimulated by:

back 130

physically demanding activity.

front 131

Which of the following is among the most dangerous and illegal ergogenic practices?

back 131

anabolic steroid hormones

front 132

How can endurance athletes best postpone fatigue during their activity?

back 132

eat glucose periodically during the event

front 133

Recommendations have been established for moderate physical activity because:

back 133

no data

front 134

You have been following a fitness program for several weeks and your resting pulse has gone from 70 to 58. What can you state about your progress?

back 134

no data

front 135

An endurance athlete can lose _____ of fluid an hour.

back 135

1.5 quarts

front 136

A female athlete weighs 120 pounds before a race and 115 pounds after the race. How much fluid should she consume?

back 136

10 cups

front 137

Which of the following would not be appropriate as part of a pregame meal?

back 137

no data

front 138

When designing a fitness routine that is intended to help muscles gain strength and size, what must you consider?

back 138

no data

front 139

Calculate how much carbohydrate an athlete who is in training for a marathon should eat within two hours after his daily workout in order to enhance his body’s storage of glycogen if he weighs 175 pounds.

back 139

no data

front 140

Your family always has rice available at every meal, just as it has been for every generation. This is an example of ____ of food selection.

back 140

cultural tradition

front 141

Malnutrition includes deficiencies, imbalances, and excesses of nutrients, any of which can be detrimental over time.

back 141

True

front 142

The main purpose of the national research projects, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), is to

back 142

determine what the nutrient and dietary intakes of the population in our country are.

front 143

8) Phytochemicals found in foods are important because

back 143

they decrease the risk of developing certain diseases when they are eaten.

front 144

Which of the following terms was coined in an attempt to identify foods that might lend protection against chronic diseases by way of the nutrients or nonnutrients they contain?

back 144

functional foods

front 145

In nutrition, the word essential means

back 145

a necessary nutrient that can be obtained only from the diet.

front 146

A certain amount of fiber in foods contributes to the health of the digestive tract, but too much fiber leads to nutrient losses. The characteristic of diet planning illustrated by this statement is called:

back 146

moderation

front 147

Data from a national survey showed that on a given day two-thirds of our population consume inadequate:

back 147

Fruits

front 148

Scientists have developed a new type of margarine containing plant ingredients they think will lower blood cholesterol levels in people who use the margarine. They want to test this by having some people use the new margarine for a while and then compare their cholesterol levels with those of a group of people who use regular margarine. This is an example of what type of research design?

back 148

intervention

front 149

A food provides 8 grams of fat and 300 total calories. What is the percentage of calories as fat in this product?

back 149

24%

front 150

3. As more research is showing the possible benefits of phytochemicals for health, the best way to approach consuming them in your diet is to:

back 150

include a variety of fruits and vegetables containing phytochemicals in your diet

front 151

A woman who has begun a new exercise program to keep herself healthy will need to consider that her discretionary calorie allowance:

back 151

will increase as the exercise activity increases.

front 152

Which of the following establishes population-wide average requirements used by nutrition policymakers?

back 152

Estimated Average Requirement

front 153

1. The nutrient standards in use today include all of the following except:

back 153

Daily Minimum Requirements (DMR)

front 154

. The Dietary Reference Intakes were devised for which of the following purposes?
A. to set nutrient goals for individuals
B. to suggest upper limits of intakes, above which toxicity is likely
C. to set average nutrient requirements for use in research
D. all of the above

back 154

all of the above

front 155

3. According to the USDA Food Guide, which of the following may be counted among either the meats or the vegetables? chicken

back 155

black beans

front 156

4. The USDA Food Guide recommends a small amount of daily oil from which of these sources?
A. olives
B. nuts
C. vegetable oil
D. all of the above

back 156

All of the above

front 157

10. To be labeled "low fat," a food must contain 3 grams of fat or less per serving.

back 157

True

front 158

9. By law, food labels must state as a percentage of the Daily Values the amounts of vitamin C, vitamin A, niacin, and thiamin present in food.

back 158

False; Vit A, C, calcium, and iron

front 159

As food moves through the digestive tract it spends the most time in the

back 159

Colon; large intestines

front 160

Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.

back 160

True

front 161

Enriched and fortified foods are not necessarily more nutritious than whole basic foods.

back 161

True

front 162

Only about 30 percent of all medical schools in the United States require students to take even one nutrition course.
Answer

back 162

True

front 163

Harry has a monotonous diet and eats the same foods every day. You try to convince him to eat a variety of foods because:

back 163

no data

front 164

Licensing provides a way to identify people who have met minimum standards of education and experience.

back 164

True

front 165

Food scientists measure food energy in:

back 165

Calories

front 166

Three ounces of beef stew offers about the same amount of iron as three ounces of water-packed tuna, but the beef contains over 300 calories while the tuna contains about 100 calories. This is an example of:

back 166

no data

front 167

The nutrients fall into _____ classes.

back 167

sex

front 168

Nutrition-related health objectives for the nation have been published by the:

back 168

Department of Health and Human Services.

front 169

Amounts of which types of lipids must be listed on food labels?

back 169

b and c

front 170

Which of the following statements is not true about the DRI?

back 170

They are minimum requirements, not recommendations.

front 171

Exchange systems help primarily with:

back 171

no data

front 172

On average, one should try to get 100% of the DRI for every nutrient to ensure an adequate intake over time.

back 172

True

front 173

Which of the following is characteristic of Daily Values?

back 173

They are ideal for allowing comparisons among foods.

front 174

The best way for a person to get all the essential nutrients and keep energy intake low is to:

back 174

a and b

front 175

If a nutrient does not have a Tolerable Upper Intake Level, this means that:

back 175

no data

front 176

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are intended for healthy adults and children ages _____ and older.

back 176

two

front 177

When planning a healthful diet, you should remember that:

back 177

the more physically active you are, the greater your discretionary calorie allowance.

front 178

Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at certain times.

back 178

False

front 179

A person can become intoxicated almost immediately when drinking, especially if

back 179

the stomach is empty.

front 180

Which of the following cells normally replace themselves once every few years?

back 180

muscle

front 181

A friend of yours is considering drinking one glass of wine a day because she has heard that it may reduce her risk of heart attacks. What information would you provide to her?

back 181

Selected Answer:
in middle-aged populations, taking 1-2 drinks a day may benefit the heart

front 182

Although the recommendation is to drink in moderation if consuming alcohol, the following problem may still need to be considered

back 182

Selected Answer:
moderation is difficult to define because of differences in tolerance among people.

front 183

A woman frequently has a dinner meal of grilled steak, baked potato with margarine, green peas, and a white dinner roll. Which food should be eaten less often to reduce her risk of breast cancer?

back 183

no data

front 184

Thirty minutes of brisk walking on at least 5 days a week can improve the odds against heart disease.

back 184

True

front 185

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at age:

back 185

45

front 186

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD?

back 186

Selected Answer:
high blood HDL

front 187

Heart disease in women is characterized by:

back 187

Selected Answer:
development at a later age than in men.

front 188

How would you respond to someone who states that white bread is just as nutritious as whole-wheat bread?

back 188

Selected Answer:
b and c

front 189

It can be said that the energy we obtain from foods comes from the sun. This is because:

back 189

Selected Answer:
light energy from the sun is used in photosynthesis to create chemical energy in the plant.

front 190

Most unrefined plant foods contain a mix of fiber types.

back 190

True

front 191

All of the following are health benefits of insoluble fiber except:

back 191

Selected Answer:
it lowers risk of diabetes.

front 192

The term "brown bread" on a label is a guarantee that the bread has been made with whole-grain flour.

back 192

False

front 193

A person states they are having hypoglycemic symptoms when waking up. Your response to them is:

back 193

Selected Answer:
You may want to check with your doctor because it could be a result of a medical complication.

front 194

When considering the health concerns of diabetes it is important to remember that:

back 194

Selected Answer:
if poorly controlled it can damage major organs and tissues in the body.

front 195

Fruits differ from concentrated sweets because:

back 195

Selected Answer:
a and b

front 196

When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the:

back 196

pancreas

front 197

Which of the following is the preferred fuel for most body functions?

back 197

carbohydrate

front 198

Which of the following food groups in the USDA Food Guide always contains fat?

back 198

a and c

front 199

What is the most accurate statement to make about the process of hydrogenation of liquid vegetable oils?

back 199

Selected Answer:
oils that have been hydrogenated are more resistant to oxidation that will spoil them and make them rancid

front 200

Which of the following fats is the most saturated?

back 200

Selected Answer:
coconut oil

front 201

The lipoproteins LDL and HDL are important in heart disease risk because of the following properties and actions:

back 201

Selected Answer:
HDL play an important role in scavenging cholesterol from the tissues for disposal.

front 202

Which one of the following statements about fatty foods is true?

back 202

Selected Answer:
fat contributes to satiety, contributing to the feeling of fullness

front 203

The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is:

back 203

Selected Answer:
high saturated and trans fat intake.

front 204

About 95% of the lipids in foods and in the human body are:

back 204

triglycerides

front 205

Approximately what percent calories from fat would be provided by a bowl of soup containing 200 calories and 99 calories from fat?

back 205

Selected Answer:
50%

front 206

Recent recommendations suggest that we consume monounsaturated fats in the place of saturated fat. Which of the following items would achieve this goal?

back 206

Selected Answer:
a and c

front 207

Excess calories from carbohydrates, protein, and fat all raise cancer rates.

back 207

True

front 208

A 58-year-old woman with hypertension and elevated LDL blood levels is complaining that she suddenly is feeling very tired, has shortness of breath and nausea, and has neck and shoulder pain. What would you advise her to do?

back 208

go with you to the emergency room because she may be having a heart attack

front 209

For CVD prevention, trans fat in the diet should account for less than _____ percent of calories.

back 209

no data

front 210

A man with pre-hypertension is trying to keep his blood pressure from going higher. Which of the following dietary changes might help?

back 210

Selected Answer:
remove the salt shaker from the table

front 211

Effects of physical activity on the body include all of the following except:

back 211

Selected Answer:
decreased bone density.

front 212

Most foods that are high in calcium are poor sources of iron. This statement illustrates the importance of the characteristic of a nutritious diet known as:

back 212

balance

front 213

A study conducted in several countries where a high intake of fish and a low intake of animal fat were correlated with a low rate of breast cancer death is an example of a(n):

back 213

Selected Answer:
epidemiological study.

front 214

You can tell a claim about nutrition is suspect if it bears the following characteristics:

back 214

Selected Answer:
it is being made by an advertiser who is paid to make claims.

front 215

Malnutrition includes deficiencies, imbalances, and excesses of nutrients, any of which can be detrimental over time.

back 215

True

front 216

Only about 30 percent of all medical schools in the United States require students to take even one nutrition course.

back 216

True

front 217

Nutrition-related health objectives for the nation have been published by the:

back 217

Selected Answer:
Department of Health and Human Services.

front 218

How many calories are in a food that contains 20 grams of carbohydrate, 8 grams protein, and 5 grams of fat?

back 218

157

front 219

Which of the following people would not be covered by the DRI, based on assumptions made by the DRI committee?

back 219

Selected Answer:
Robert, a 20 year old with cystic fibrosis

front 220

Foods that provide zero discretionary calories:

back 220

Selected Answer:
are naturally low in fat and have no added fats or sugars.

front 221

George is a 35-year-old athlete using nutrient supplements to give him a competitive advantage. Which of the following nutrient intake recommendations would you suggest that George become familiar with?

back 221

Selected Answer:
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels

front 222

Your sister has taken the Healthy Eating Index to evaluate her diet and has received a score of 59. What would the interpretation of her score be?

back 222

Selected Answer:
She needs to still improve her intake of foods to meet the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations

front 223

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are appropriately used for all of the following except:

back 223

Selected Answer:
estimating the nutrient needs of persons with medical problems.

front 224

When determining the amounts of food to eat from each group in the USDA Food Guide each day, you need to remember that:

back 224

Selected Answer:
the recommended amounts will vary, depending on age, physical activity, and gender.

front 225

The digestive juices in the digestive tract include

back 225

Selected Answer:
pancreatic juice which neutralizes stomach acids reaching the small intestine.

front 226

Digestion of foods includes the mechanical actions of

back 226

Selected Answer:
peristalsis waves to move the foods down through the digestive tract.

front 227

Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.

back 227

When the colon is not functioning properly, complications that may arise include

front 228

According to the USDA Food Guide, most adults should limit meat intake to 5 oz./day.

back 228

no data

front 229

The most heart-healthy margarines are those:

back 229

Selected Answer:
which list liquid oil as the first ingredient.

front 230

Which of the following fats is the most saturated?

back 230

Selected Answer:
coconut oil

front 231

Key heart-healthy foods in the Mediterranean diet include all of the following except:

back 231

margarine

front 232

All of the following problems are associated with low-fat diets except:

back 232

no data

front 233

All of the following statements concerning cholesterol are true except:

back 233

Selected Answer:
it is an essential nutrient.

front 234

What is the most accurate statement to make about the process of hydrogenation of liquid vegetable oils?

back 234

Selected Answer:
oils that have been hydrogenated are more resistant to oxidation that will spoil them and make them rancid

front 235

Which monosaccharide is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit?

back 235

fructose

front 236

Research has shown the following relationship between carbohydrate in the diet and body weight:

back 236

no data

front 237

Which of the following would you recommend for a person with lactose intolerance?

back 237

no data

front 238

The extent to which a food raises the blood glucose level and elicits an insulin response as compared with pure glucose can be measured and ranked on a scale called the:

back 238

Selected Answer:
glycemic index.

front 239

Hormones play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels with:

back 239

Selected Answer:
epinephrine breaking down liver glycogen to provide glucose in times of danger.

front 240

Digestion of most starch begins in the:

back 240

mouth

front 241

Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product?

back 241

no data

front 242

Current dietary guidelines for the United States recommend:

back 242

no data

front 243

A boy 10 years old is going through a growth spurt. Because he needs to build new muscle tissue, what should his nitrogen status be?

back 243

Selected Answer:
positive nitrogen balance

front 244

The heavy use of soy products in place of meat can inhibit _____ absorption.

back 244

iron

front 245

Which of the following provides amino acids that are best absorbed by the body?

back 245

animal proteins

front 246

All of the following cause denaturation of proteins except:

back 246

light

front 247

Which of the following is not a characteristic of children with kwashiorkor?

back 247

Selected Answer:
They look like skin and bones.

front 248

Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited mistake in the amino acid sequence.

back 248

True

front 249

The best way for a vegetarian to ensure adequate absorption of iron in the diet is to:

back 249

Selected Answer:
include vitamin C-rich foods because they enhance absorption of iron.

front 250

When amino acids are degraded for energy, their amine groups are stripped off and used elsewhere or incorporated by the liver into:

back 250

urea

front 251

An athlete consumes large amounts of meat in an effort to build extra muscle tissue. This practice does not work because:

back 251

a and c

front 252

To ensure adequate intakes of vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium, vegans need to:

back 252

no data

front 253

Which of the following B vitamins is especially important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects?

back 253

folate

front 254

When comparing absorption and storage of fat-soluble versus water-soluble vitamins in the body:

back 254

Selected Answer:
fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues until the body needs them.

front 255

Vitamin E serves as:

back 255

Selected Answer:
an antioxidant.

front 256

Vitamin toxicity is more of a concern with which type of vitamins?

back 256

Selected Answer:
fat-soluble vitamins because they are stored more readily in body tissues

front 257

To derive the maximum amount of vitamin C from vegetables you would:

back 257

b and c

front 258

In the U.S. scurvy is seldom seen today except in:

back 258

Selected Answer:
people addicted to alcohol.

front 259

A girl has stopped growing in height prematurely because her bones are not going through the remodeling process necessary for growth. This is most likely from a deficiency of which vitamin?

back 259

no data

front 260

An individual has developed heart disease and high blood lipid values and does not want to go on lipid-lowering prescription medications because of their side effects. Which vitamin has been used by physicians in treatment plans as a more natural treatment for heart disease?

back 260

no data

front 261

All enriched grain products in the U.S. now have folic acid added to them because:

back 261

no data

front 262

Population studies suggest that people whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene have a higher incidence of:

back 262

no data

front 263

How much water and fluid beverages (in cups) should a man consume each day, under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet?
Answer

back 263

13

front 264

Which of the following is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?

back 264

potassium

front 265

After about 25 years of age, regardless of calcium intake, bones begin to lose density.

back 265

False

front 266

The bioavailability of calcium in calcium-fortified orange juice is comparable to that of milk.

back 266

True

front 267

Calcium absorption declines in the elderly because:

back 267

b and c

front 268

Which of the following best describes the fluoride content of bottled water?

back 268

no data

front 269

Which of the following statements about selenium levels in the body is accurate?

back 269

Selected Answer:
selenium works as an antioxidant to protect body chemicals from oxidative damage

front 270

Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ milligrams per day of sodium.

back 270

3400

front 271

The best source of phosphorus is:

back 271

Selected Answer:
animal protein.

front 272

The principal food source of chloride is:

back 272

salt

front 273

A woman who is trying to get pregnant has a BMI of 17 and a 10 percent body fat value. What factors should she consider concerning her body composition?

back 273

Selected Answer:
because of her low body fat composition she may have trouble with infertility

front 274

A body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates:

back 274

Selected Answer:
overweight.

front 275

A person who diets without exercising:

back 275

b and c

front 276

Which of the following types of foods sustain satiety longer than other foods?

back 276

a and b

front 277

The most important time of the day to eat when you are trying to lose weight is:

back 277

Selected Answer:
breakfast, because it may help reduce food intake all day long.

front 278

Bulimia is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa and is more common in women than men.

back 278

True

front 279

All of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except:

back 279

starvation

front 280

Successful weight maintainers:

back 280

Selected Answer:
a and c

front 281

Paul is a 19-year-old athlete who is 6’ tall and weighs 178 pounds; Rick is a 40-year-old salesman who weighs 165 pounds and is 5’ 7” tall. Who would have the higher basal metabolic rate?

back 281

Paul

front 282

About _____ percent of a meal’s energy value is used up in stepped-up metabolism in the five or so hours following each meal.

back 282

5-10

front 283

A 70-year-old woman wants to begin a weight training program. What advice would you give her?

back 283

Selected Answer:
it would be a good way to improve her bone density

front 284

Most athletes probably need somewhat more protein than do sedentary people.

back 284

True

front 285

An endurance athlete can lose _____ of fluid an hour.

back 285

1.5 quarts

front 286

Moderate use of caffeine by athletes:

back 286

Selected Answer:
may assist performance.

front 287

Carbonated beverages are not a good choice for meeting an athlete’s fluid needs because they:

back 287

Selected Answer:
make a person feel full quickly and may limit fluid intake.

front 288

The advantage for athletes of using sport drinks for fluid replacement is that:

back 288

Selected Answer:
they have a pleasant taste which encourages consumption.

front 289

What is the intensity level of a physical activity that causes some increase in breathing, is a perceived exertion of 5 or 6, and allows you to have a conversation while doing the activity?

back 289

Selected Answer:
moderate

front 290

A high school football player is eating enough protein foods in his diet to provide him with 2.5 grams per kg of his body weight. What type of benefit will he get from his high protein intake?

back 290

Selected Answer:
this exceeds the recommendation for his sport so he should consider trading carbohydrate for some of the protein

front 291

The first symptom of dehydration (besides thirst) is:

back 291

fatigue

front 292

Which of the following are most prone to iron deficiency?

back 292

Selected Answer:
a and b

front 293

The energy yielding nutrients include

back 293

protein
fat

front 294

chemical digestion of all nutrients mainly occurs in which organ

back 294

small intestine

front 295

Which of the following types of cells do not reproduce, and if damaged by injury or disease are lost forever

back 295

brain cells

front 296

the blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in the

back 296

lungs

front 297

When the pancreas detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose, it releases:

back 297

insulin

front 298

the nervous system's role in hunger regulation is coordinated by the

back 298

brain

front 299

the purpose of the villi and microvilli in the intestinal tract is to

back 299

trap nutrient particles and absorb them into the cells

front 300

the liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into

back 300

glycogen

front 301

when fructose and glucose are bonded together they form

back 301

table sugar

front 302

the disaccharides include

back 302

sucrose, maltose, and lactose