HUN Final Exam Flashcards

Foods that have been subjected to any process such as addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called _____ foods.

A false story has circulated for several years on the Internet about the chickens used by a popular national fried chicken chain. It claims that the chickens used by the company have been genetically modified to have no heads, beaks, or feet and are kept alive with feeding tubes. This is an example of:

A certain amount of fiber in foods contributes to the health of the digestive tract, but too much fiber leads to nutrient losses. The characteristic of diet planning illustrated by this statement is called:

One gram of alcohol is equal to _____ calories.

Malnutrition includes deficiencies, imbalances, and excesses of nutrients, any of which can be detrimental over time.

Licensing provides a way to identify people who have met minimum standards of education and experience.

Which of the following research designs are among the most powerful tools in nutrition research because they show the effects of treatments?

Data from a national survey showed that on a given day two-thirds of our population consume inadequate:

Scientists have developed a new type of margarine containing plant ingredients they think will lower blood cholesterol levels in people who use the margarine. They want to test this by having some people use the new margarine for a while and then compare their cholesterol levels with those of a group of people who use regular margarine. This is an example of what type of research design?

A food provides 8 grams of fat and 300 total calories. What is the percentage of calories as fat in this product?

A popular star has a half-hour television show describing a new dietary supplement that she claims has made her much healthier. During the show she describes how she has seen improvement in her skin, hair, and eyesight without going to the doctor. This is an example of

An advertisement for a new performance-enhancing supplement is on the Internet. What can you assume about the advertisement for the supplement?

You can tell a claim about nutrition is suspect if it bears the following characteristics:

The credential “R.D.” displayed by a dietitia´s name indicates registration with:

Characteristics of a legitimate and qualified nutrition expert include:

Effects of physical activity on the body include all of the following except

When considering the effect of genetics and nutrition on chronic disease development in individuals

One of the characteristics of a nutritious diet is that the foods provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy. This principle of diet planning is called

A woman who has begun a new exercise program to keep herself healthy will need to consider that her discretionary calorie allowance:

The percentages of the Daily Values on food packages are given in terms of a person requiring _____ calories each day.

Foods that provide zero discretionary calories:

The exchange list system highlights the fact that many meats contain more calories from fat than from protein.

The primary difference between recommendations for nutrient intakes and values set for energy intake is that the value for energy intake is not generous.

Which of the following is the best and safest source of phytochemicals?

A 51-year-old sedentary woman still has some discretionary calories available for her evening meal. The best choice for her to select for that meal would be to:

The bottom portion of the Nutrition Facts panel on a food package:

Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.

What are the major roles of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

The digestive juices in the digestive tract include

You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormonal messages will tell an organ to send ____ in amounts matched to the amount of fat present.

Degenerative diseases are often referred to as chronic diseases.

Resting blood pressure should ideally be _____ or lower.

Heart disease in women is characterized by:

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body’s defenses considerably.

A man with pre-hypertension is trying to keep his blood pressure from going higher. Which of the following dietary changes might help?

A friend complains of blurred vision, cravings for sweets, weakness, and excessive thirst and urination. These symptoms are suggestive of:

Which of the following animal-derived foods contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?

You are trying to convince someone that a low-carbohydrate diet is undesirable. Reasons you would give to support your statement include:

How would you respond to someone who states that white bread is just as nutritious as whole-wheat bread?

What would be the best advice to give for physical activity for a person with diabetes?

Which of the following foods contains about 15 grams of carbohydrate?

Which of the following is most closely related to diabetes?

Which of the following is the most-used monosaccharide inside the body?

Carbohydrates are essential to provide energy for the body because:

Complex carbohydrates:

In an effort to lower LDL you would tell someone to:

Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body?

The major storage form of fats in our body is:

triglycerides, which are made up of fatty acids and glycerol.

Fatty acids in foods influence the composition of fats in the body.

Which of the following would be the best dietary advice for someone who needs to lower her blood cholesterol levels?

Which of the following food groups in the USDA Food Guide always contains fat?

Some ground turkey and chicken products in which the skin is ground in are much higher in fats than lean beef.

All of the following provide about 5 grams of pure fat except:

The abundance of types of foods today has made it:

Most foods that are high in calcium are poor sources of iron. This statement illustrates the importance of the characteristic of a nutritious diet known as:

The compound that gives hot peppers their burning taste is called a:

The term _“____” has no legal definition but is often used on food labels to imply wholesomeness.

What type of research studies populations and is often used to search for correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence?

When considering the effect of genetics and nutrition on chronic disease development in individuals:

The credential “R.D.” displayed by a dietitian's name indicates registration with:

The major role in the body that all vitamins and minerals have is:

As more research is showing the possible benefits of phytochemicals for health, the best way to approach consuming them in your diet is to:

An important role of the exchange system of categorizing foods is to:

The primary difference between recommendations for nutrient intakes and values set for energy intake is that the value for energy intake is not generous.

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are appropriately used for all of the following except:

One of the best sources of lycopene is:

Any food providing 10% or more of the Daily Value for a nutrient is considered to be a _____ source of the nutrient.

The term "brown bread" on a label is a guarantee that the bread has been made with whole-grain flour.

Products of the incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available are called:

Fruits differ from concentrated sweets because:

Which of the following is not one of the complex carbohydrates?

In the past three decades, carbohydrate intake in this country has:

Which of the following would you recommend for a person with lactose intolerance?

When considering the health concerns of diabetes it is important to remember that:

When controlling the fat intake in your diet it is best to use the following suggestion:

The most heart-healthy margarines are those:

Research on the benefits of fatty acids and their components has shown that:

The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid classifies legumes as:

Which of the following statements about trans fatty acids is true?

To protect yourself from consuming too much _____, you would limit your consumption of swordfish, king mackerel, and shark.

When you are selecting the type of fish to eat, which of the following should you consider?

All of the following statements concerning cholesterol are true except:

All of the following are risk factors for CVD except:

Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for CVD?

Obesity is a risk for certain cancers such as colon, breast, endometrial, pancreas, and kidney cancer.

Health care providers are now able to tailor a person’s treatment to prevent or minimize disease based on their identified genetic profile.

Which of the following strategies should be used by someone experiencing heartburn?

Body fluids supply the tissues continuously with energy, oxygen and nutrients, including water.

Most people have aversions to ____ tastes.

The primary organ of digestion and absorption is the

Sound nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs.

Which of the following is not associated with an excess of protein?

A child with marasmus would exhibit all of the following symptoms except:

The calorie-deficiency disease resulting from chronic starvation is known most specifically as:

If needed, protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and also serve the glucose need of the brain.

Of the following foods, which likely contains the most easily digestible protein?

The body normally makes tyrosine from the essential amino acid:

Which statement is true of a vegan diet?

The best way for a vegetarian to ensure adequate absorption of iron in the diet is to:

To ensure adequate intakes of vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium, vegans need to:

You have mixed a container of juice from its concentrate form and placed the open pitcher in the refrigerator to drink from over several days. Which vitamin in the juice is most at risk from the exposure to the air in the refrigerator?

Fortified plant sources of vitamin D available in the United States include:

Tobacco use introduces oxidants into the body that can do potential harm to the body tissues. What antioxidant plays an important role in protecting sensitive blood constituents from being damaged, and so is needed in much higher amounts in people exposed to tobacco products and smoke?

Which of the following would be most likely to develop pellagra?

Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include:

If a person does need to take a vitamin supplement, it is best for them to select a product that:

You advise your grandmother against using mineral oil as a laxative because:

Research suggests that deficiency of vitamin D may lead to:

Which of the following ethnic groups has the highest bone density?

Which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of water?

The chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells is:

Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ milligrams per day of sodium.

Over half of the body’s magnesium is stored in the:

Which of the following impairs iron absorption?

If a person has a deficient intake of calcium in the diet, what will be the result?

What are the best beverages to drink?

How much water and fluid beverages (in cups) should a man consume each day, under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet?

Which of the following is not characteristic of water?

A person who diets without exercising:

One pound of body fat is equal to _____ calories.

Society plays a role in eating disorders because they are known only in developed nations and they become more prevalent as wealth increases and food becomes plentiful.

The hormone produced by adipose tissue in response to body fat production that helps to control obesity is:

Waist circumference indicates visceral fatness, and above a certain girth, disease risks rise, even when BMI values are normal.

Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is:

Which of the following statements about basal metabolism is true?

Donna weighs 160 pounds. How many grams of fat should Donna consume in order to meet the DRI recommendation, if she consumes 1600 calories a day?

Which of the following foods has the greatest energy density?

You have chosen to treat yourself to one weekly mocha latte coffee, which has 215 calories. This could add how much to your body weight in a year’s time?

Muscle growth is stimulated by:

Which of the following is among the most dangerous and illegal ergogenic practices?

How can endurance athletes best postpone fatigue during their activity?

Recommendations have been established for moderate physical activity because:

You have been following a fitness program for several weeks and your resting pulse has gone from 70 to 58. What can you state about your progress?

An endurance athlete can lose _____ of fluid an hour.

A female athlete weighs 120 pounds before a race and 115 pounds after the race. How much fluid should she consume?

Which of the following would not be appropriate as part of a pregame meal?

When designing a fitness routine that is intended to help muscles gain strength and size, what must you consider?

Calculate how much carbohydrate an athlete who is in training for a marathon should eat within two hours after his daily workout in order to enhance his body’s storage of glycogen if he weighs 175 pounds.

Your family always has rice available at every meal, just as it has been for every generation. This is an example of ____ of food selection.

Malnutrition includes deficiencies, imbalances, and excesses of nutrients, any of which can be detrimental over time.

The main purpose of the national research projects, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), is to

8) Phytochemicals found in foods are important because

Which of the following terms was coined in an attempt to identify foods that might lend protection against chronic diseases by way of the nutrients or nonnutrients they contain?

In nutrition, the word essential means

A certain amount of fiber in foods contributes to the health of the digestive tract, but too much fiber leads to nutrient losses. The characteristic of diet planning illustrated by this statement is called:

Data from a national survey showed that on a given day two-thirds of our population consume inadequate:

Scientists have developed a new type of margarine containing plant ingredients they think will lower blood cholesterol levels in people who use the margarine. They want to test this by having some people use the new margarine for a while and then compare their cholesterol levels with those of a group of people who use regular margarine. This is an example of what type of research design?

A food provides 8 grams of fat and 300 total calories. What is the percentage of calories as fat in this product?

3. As more research is showing the possible benefits of phytochemicals for health, the best way to approach consuming them in your diet is to:

A woman who has begun a new exercise program to keep herself healthy will need to consider that her discretionary calorie allowance:

Which of the following establishes population-wide average requirements used by nutrition policymakers?

1. The nutrient standards in use today include all of the following except:

. The Dietary Reference Intakes were devised for which of the following purposes?
A. to set nutrient goals for individuals
B. to suggest upper limits of intakes, above which toxicity is likely
C. to set average nutrient requirements for use in research
D. all of the above

3. According to the USDA Food Guide, which of the following may be counted among either the meats or the vegetables? chicken

4. The USDA Food Guide recommends a small amount of daily oil from which of these sources?
A. olives
B. nuts
C. vegetable oil
D. all of the above

10. To be labeled "low fat," a food must contain 3 grams of fat or less per serving.

9. By law, food labels must state as a percentage of the Daily Values the amounts of vitamin C, vitamin A, niacin, and thiamin present in food.

As food moves through the digestive tract it spends the most time in the

Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.

Enriched and fortified foods are not necessarily more nutritious than whole basic foods.

Only about 30 percent of all medical schools in the United States require students to take even one nutrition course.
Answer

Harry has a monotonous diet and eats the same foods every day. You try to convince him to eat a variety of foods because:

Licensing provides a way to identify people who have met minimum standards of education and experience.

Food scientists measure food energy in:

Three ounces of beef stew offers about the same amount of iron as three ounces of water-packed tuna, but the beef contains over 300 calories while the tuna contains about 100 calories. This is an example of:

The nutrients fall into _____ classes.

Nutrition-related health objectives for the nation have been published by the:

Amounts of which types of lipids must be listed on food labels?

Which of the following statements is not true about the DRI?

Exchange systems help primarily with:

On average, one should try to get 100% of the DRI for every nutrient to ensure an adequate intake over time.

Which of the following is characteristic of Daily Values?

The best way for a person to get all the essential nutrients and keep energy intake low is to:

If a nutrient does not have a Tolerable Upper Intake Level, this means that:

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are intended for healthy adults and children ages _____ and older.

When planning a healthful diet, you should remember that:

Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at certain times.

A person can become intoxicated almost immediately when drinking, especially if

Which of the following cells normally replace themselves once every few years?

A friend of yours is considering drinking one glass of wine a day because she has heard that it may reduce her risk of heart attacks. What information would you provide to her?

Although the recommendation is to drink in moderation if consuming alcohol, the following problem may still need to be considered

A woman frequently has a dinner meal of grilled steak, baked potato with margarine, green peas, and a white dinner roll. Which food should be eaten less often to reduce her risk of breast cancer?

Thirty minutes of brisk walking on at least 5 days a week can improve the odds against heart disease.

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at age:

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD?

Heart disease in women is characterized by:

How would you respond to someone who states that white bread is just as nutritious as whole-wheat bread?

It can be said that the energy we obtain from foods comes from the sun. This is because:

Most unrefined plant foods contain a mix of fiber types.

All of the following are health benefits of insoluble fiber except:

The term "brown bread" on a label is a guarantee that the bread has been made with whole-grain flour.

A person states they are having hypoglycemic symptoms when waking up. Your response to them is:

When considering the health concerns of diabetes it is important to remember that:

Fruits differ from concentrated sweets because:

When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the:

Which of the following is the preferred fuel for most body functions?

Which of the following food groups in the USDA Food Guide always contains fat?

What is the most accurate statement to make about the process of hydrogenation of liquid vegetable oils?

Which of the following fats is the most saturated?

The lipoproteins LDL and HDL are important in heart disease risk because of the following properties and actions:

Which one of the following statements about fatty foods is true?

The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is:

About 95% of the lipids in foods and in the human body are:

Approximately what percent calories from fat would be provided by a bowl of soup containing 200 calories and 99 calories from fat?

Recent recommendations suggest that we consume monounsaturated fats in the place of saturated fat. Which of the following items would achieve this goal?

Excess calories from carbohydrates, protein, and fat all raise cancer rates.

A 58-year-old woman with hypertension and elevated LDL blood levels is complaining that she suddenly is feeling very tired, has shortness of breath and nausea, and has neck and shoulder pain. What would you advise her to do?

For CVD prevention, trans fat in the diet should account for less than _____ percent of calories.

A man with pre-hypertension is trying to keep his blood pressure from going higher. Which of the following dietary changes might help?

Effects of physical activity on the body include all of the following except:

Most foods that are high in calcium are poor sources of iron. This statement illustrates the importance of the characteristic of a nutritious diet known as:

A study conducted in several countries where a high intake of fish and a low intake of animal fat were correlated with a low rate of breast cancer death is an example of a(n):

You can tell a claim about nutrition is suspect if it bears the following characteristics:

Malnutrition includes deficiencies, imbalances, and excesses of nutrients, any of which can be detrimental over time.

Only about 30 percent of all medical schools in the United States require students to take even one nutrition course.

Nutrition-related health objectives for the nation have been published by the:

How many calories are in a food that contains 20 grams of carbohydrate, 8 grams protein, and 5 grams of fat?

Which of the following people would not be covered by the DRI, based on assumptions made by the DRI committee?

Foods that provide zero discretionary calories:

George is a 35-year-old athlete using nutrient supplements to give him a competitive advantage. Which of the following nutrient intake recommendations would you suggest that George become familiar with?

Your sister has taken the Healthy Eating Index to evaluate her diet and has received a score of 59. What would the interpretation of her score be?

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are appropriately used for all of the following except:

When determining the amounts of food to eat from each group in the USDA Food Guide each day, you need to remember that:

The digestive juices in the digestive tract include

Digestion of foods includes the mechanical actions of

Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels.

According to the USDA Food Guide, most adults should limit meat intake to 5 oz./day.

The most heart-healthy margarines are those:

Which of the following fats is the most saturated?

Key heart-healthy foods in the Mediterranean diet include all of the following except:

All of the following problems are associated with low-fat diets except:

All of the following statements concerning cholesterol are true except:

What is the most accurate statement to make about the process of hydrogenation of liquid vegetable oils?

Which monosaccharide is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit?

Research has shown the following relationship between carbohydrate in the diet and body weight:

Which of the following would you recommend for a person with lactose intolerance?

The extent to which a food raises the blood glucose level and elicits an insulin response as compared with pure glucose can be measured and ranked on a scale called the:

Hormones play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels with:

Digestion of most starch begins in the:

Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product?

Current dietary guidelines for the United States recommend:

A boy 10 years old is going through a growth spurt. Because he needs to build new muscle tissue, what should his nitrogen status be?

The heavy use of soy products in place of meat can inhibit _____ absorption.

Which of the following provides amino acids that are best absorbed by the body?

All of the following cause denaturation of proteins except:

Which of the following is not a characteristic of children with kwashiorkor?

Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited mistake in the amino acid sequence.

The best way for a vegetarian to ensure adequate absorption of iron in the diet is to:

When amino acids are degraded for energy, their amine groups are stripped off and used elsewhere or incorporated by the liver into:

An athlete consumes large amounts of meat in an effort to build extra muscle tissue. This practice does not work because:

To ensure adequate intakes of vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium, vegans need to:

Which of the following B vitamins is especially important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects?

When comparing absorption and storage of fat-soluble versus water-soluble vitamins in the body:

Vitamin E serves as:

Vitamin toxicity is more of a concern with which type of vitamins?

To derive the maximum amount of vitamin C from vegetables you would:

In the U.S. scurvy is seldom seen today except in:

A girl has stopped growing in height prematurely because her bones are not going through the remodeling process necessary for growth. This is most likely from a deficiency of which vitamin?

An individual has developed heart disease and high blood lipid values and does not want to go on lipid-lowering prescription medications because of their side effects. Which vitamin has been used by physicians in treatment plans as a more natural treatment for heart disease?

All enriched grain products in the U.S. now have folic acid added to them because:

Population studies suggest that people whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene have a higher incidence of:

How much water and fluid beverages (in cups) should a man consume each day, under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet?
Answer

Which of the following is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?

After about 25 years of age, regardless of calcium intake, bones begin to lose density.

The bioavailability of calcium in calcium-fortified orange juice is comparable to that of milk.

Calcium absorption declines in the elderly because:

Which of the following best describes the fluoride content of bottled water?

Which of the following statements about selenium levels in the body is accurate?

Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ milligrams per day of sodium.

The best source of phosphorus is:

The principal food source of chloride is:

A woman who is trying to get pregnant has a BMI of 17 and a 10 percent body fat value. What factors should she consider concerning her body composition?

A body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates:

A person who diets without exercising:

Which of the following types of foods sustain satiety longer than other foods?

The most important time of the day to eat when you are trying to lose weight is:

Bulimia is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa and is more common in women than men.

All of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except:

Successful weight maintainers:

Paul is a 19-year-old athlete who is 6’ tall and weighs 178 pounds; Rick is a 40-year-old salesman who weighs 165 pounds and is 5’ 7” tall. Who would have the higher basal metabolic rate?

About _____ percent of a meal’s energy value is used up in stepped-up metabolism in the five or so hours following each meal.

A 70-year-old woman wants to begin a weight training program. What advice would you give her?

Most athletes probably need somewhat more protein than do sedentary people.

An endurance athlete can lose _____ of fluid an hour.

Moderate use of caffeine by athletes:

Carbonated beverages are not a good choice for meeting an athlete’s fluid needs because they:

The advantage for athletes of using sport drinks for fluid replacement is that:

What is the intensity level of a physical activity that causes some increase in breathing, is a perceived exertion of 5 or 6, and allows you to have a conversation while doing the activity?

A high school football player is eating enough protein foods in his diet to provide him with 2.5 grams per kg of his body weight. What type of benefit will he get from his high protein intake?

The first symptom of dehydration (besides thirst) is:

Which of the following are most prone to iron deficiency?

The energy yielding nutrients include

chemical digestion of all nutrients mainly occurs in which organ

Which of the following types of cells do not reproduce, and if damaged by injury or disease are lost forever

the blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in the

When the pancreas detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose, it releases:

the nervous system's role in hunger regulation is coordinated by the

the purpose of the villi and microvilli in the intestinal tract is to

the liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into

when fructose and glucose are bonded together they form

the disaccharides include