front 1 Important bone functions include:
A. support of the pelvic organs
B. protection of the brain
C. providing levers for movement of the limbs
D. protection of the skin and limb musculature
E. storage of water | back 1 A. support of the pelvic organs
B. protection of the brain
C. providing levers for movement of the limbs |
front 2 Which of the following are correctly matched:
A. Short bone- wrist
B. Long bone- leg
C. Irregular bone- sternum
D. Flat bone- cranium | back 2 A. Short bone- wrist
B. Long bone- leg
D. Flat bone- cranium |
front 3 Terms that can be associated with any type of bone include:
A. periosteum
B. diaphysis
C. diploe
D. cancellous bone
E. medullary cavity | back 3 A. periosteum
D. cancellous bone |
front 4 Which would be common location of osteoblasts?
A. Osteogenic layer of periosteum
B. Lining of red marrow spaces
C. Covering articular cartilage
D. Lining central canals
E. Aligned with Sharpey's fibers | back 4 A. Osteogenic layer of periosteum
B. Lining of red marrow spaces
D. Lining central canals |
front 5 Which of the listed bone markings are sites of muscle or ligament attachment?
A. Trochanter
B. Meatus
C. Facet
D. Spine
E. Condyle | |
front 6 Which of the following are openings or depressions?
A. Fissure
B. Tuberosity
C. Meatus
D. Fossa
E. Tubercle | back 6 A. Fissure
C. Meatus
D. Fossa |
front 7 A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a:
A. central canal
B. lamella
C. lacuna
D. canaliculus
E. perforating canal | |
front 8 Between complete osteons are remnants of older, remodeled osteons known as:
A. Circumferential lamellae
B. Concentric lamellae
C. Interstitial lamellae
D. Lamellar bone
E. Woven bone | |
front 9 Which of these could be found in cancellous bone:
A. Osteoid
B. Trabeculae
C. Canaliculi
D. Central canals
E. Osteoclasts | back 9 A. Osteoid
B. Trabeculae
C. Canaliculi
E. Osteoclasts |
front 10 Elements prominent in osteoblasts include:
A. Rough ER
B. Secretory vesibles
C. Lysosomes
D. Smooth ER
E. Heterochromatin | back 10 A. Rough ER
B. Secretory vesibles |
front 11 Which of the following are prominent in osteoclasts?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosomes
C. Microfilaments
D. Exocytosis | back 11 A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosomes
C. Microfilaments
D. Exocytosis |
front 12 Endosteum is in all these places, except:
A. Around the exterior of the femur
B. On the trabeculae of spongy bone
C. Lining the central canal of an osteon
D. Often directly touching bone marrow | back 12 A. Around the exterior of the femur |
front 13 Which precede(s) intramembranous ossification?
A. Chondroblast activity
B. Mesenchymal cells
C. Woven bone
D. Collagen formation
E. Osteoid formation | back 13 B. Mesenchymal cells
D. Collagen formation |
front 14 Which of the follwoing is (are) part of the process of endochondral ossification and growth?
A. Vascularization of the fibrous membrane surrounding the cartilage template
B. Formation of diploe
C. Destruction of cartilage matrix
D. Appositional growth
E. Mitosis of chondroblasts | back 14 A. Vascularization of the fibrous membrane surrounding the cartilage template
C. Destruction of cartilage matrix
D. Appositional growth
E. Mitosis of chondroblasts |
front 15 What is the earliest event (of those listed) in endochondral ossification?
A. Ossification of proximal epiphysis
B. Appearance of the epiphyseal plate
C. Invasion of the shaft by the periosteal bud
D. Cavitation of the cartilage shaft
E. Formation of secondary ossification centers | back 15 D. Cavitation of the cartilage shaft |
front 16 Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is most influenced by sex hormones?
A. Zone of resting cartilage
B. Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
C. Zone of proliferating cartilage
D. Zone of calcification | back 16 C. Zone of proliferating cartilage |
front 17 The region active in appositional growth is:
A. Osteogenic layer of periosteum
B. Within central canals
C. Endosteum of red marrow spaces
D. Internal callus
E. Epiphyseal plate | back 17 A. Osteogenic layer of periosteum |
front 18 Deficiency of which of the following hormones will cause dwarfism?
A. Growth hormone
B. Sex hormones
C. Thyroid hormones
D. Calcitonin
E. Parathyroid hormone | back 18 A. Growth hormone
C. Thyroid hormones |
front 19 A remodeling unit consists of:
A. osteoblasts
B. osteoid
C. osteocytes
D. osteoclasts
E. chondroblasts | back 19 A. osteoblasts
D. osteoclasts |
front 20 The calcification front marks the location of:
A. newly formed osteoid
B. newly deposited hydroxyapatite
C. actively mitotic osteoblasts
D. active osteoclasts
E. the activity of alkaline phosphatase | back 20 B. newly deposited hydroxyapatite
E. the activity of alkaline phosphatase |
front 21 A deficiency of calcium in the diet would lead to:
A. an increase of parathyroid hormone in the blood
B. an increase in calcitonin secretion
C. an increase in somatomedin levels in the blood
D. increased secretion of growth hormone | back 21 A. an increase of parathyroid hormone in the blood |
front 22 Ionic calcium plays a role in:
A. the transmission of nerve impulses
B. blood clotting
C. muscle contraction
D. cytokinesis
E. The activity of sudoriferous glands | back 22 A. the transmission of nerve impulses
B. blood clotting
C. muscle contraction
D. cytokinesis
E. The activity of sudoriferous glands |
front 23 Which of the following is NOT associated with Wolff's law?
A. Compression
B. Gravity
C. Growth hormone
D. Orientation of trabeculae
E. Bone atrophy following paralysis | |
front 24 The initial event following a bone fracture is:
A. formation of granulation tissue
B. ossification of internal callus
C. hemorrage and hematoma formation
D. remodeling
E. endochondral ossification | back 24 C. hemorrage and hematoma formation |
front 25 Women suffering from osteoporosis are frequent victims of ____________ fractures of the vertebrae:
A. compound
B. spiral
C. comminuted
D. compression
E. depression | |
front 26 Which of the listed bone disorders is (are) caused by hormonal imbalances?
A. Osteomalacia
B. Osteoporosis
C. Gigantism
D. Achondroplasia
E. Paget's disease | back 26 B. Osteoporosis
C. Gigantism |
front 27 At birth, ossification has progressed to the point where:
A. only intramembranous ossification has begun
B. endochondral ossification is complete
C. some secondary ossification centers have appeared
D. only major long bones have primary centers of ossification
E. appositional growth has yet to begin | back 27 C. some secondary ossification centers have appeared |
front 28 The growth spurt of puberty is triggered by:
A. high levels of sex hormones
B. the initial, low levels of sex hormones
C. growth hormone
D. parathyroid hormone
E. calcintonin | back 28 B. the initial, low levels of sex hormones |