The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in __________

main memory

This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running

RAM

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time -- even when there is no power to the computer -- is called _______

Secondary storage

A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called _______

input device

a video display is an __________

output device

a __________ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number

byte

a byte is made up of 8 _____

bits

In a __________ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s

binary

a bit that is turned off represents the following value: ________

0

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is _________

ASCII

An extensive encoding scheme that can represent the characters of many of the languages in the world is ____________

Unicode

Negative numbers are encoded using the ________ method

two's complement

Real numbers are encoded using the _______ technique

floating-point

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called _________

pixels

If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see _____________

a stream of binary numbers

In the _________ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform

decode

Computers can only execute code written in _________

machine language

The ______ translates an assembly language into a machine language program

assembler

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called __________

mnemonics

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called __________

syntax

A__________ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program

compiler

Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches

False

Main Memory is aka RAM

True

Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number

True

Images, like the ones you make with a digital camera, cannot be stored as a binary number

False

Machine language is the only language that the CPU understands

True

Assembly language is considered a high-level language

False

An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program

true

A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed

False

Windows Vista, Linux, and Mac OS X are all examples of application software

False

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs

False

A ________ error does not prevent the program from running, but causes it to produce incorrect results

logic

A _________ is a single function that the program must perform in order to satisfy the customer

software requirement

an _________ is a set of well-defined logical steps that must be taken to perform a task

algorithm

An informal language that has no syntax rules, and is not meant to be compiled or executed is called ________

psuedocode

A _________ is a diagram that graphically depicts the steps that take place in a program

flowchart

a ________ is a set of statements that execute in the order that they appear

sequence structure

a _________ is a sequence of characters that is used as data

string

a ___________ is a storage location in memory that is represented by a name

variable

a _______ is any hypothetical person that is using a program and providing input for it

user

a __________ is a message that tells or asks the user to enter a specific value

prompt

an __________ sets a variable to a specific value

assignment statement

in the expression 12 + 7, the values on the right and left of the + symbol are _____________

operands

an _________ operator raises a number to a power

exponent

a _________ operator performs division, but instead of returning the quotient it returns the remainder

modulus

a __________ specifies a variable's name and data type

variable declaration

assigning a value to a variable in a declaration statement is called ______________

initialization

an ______________ variable is one that has been declared, but has not been initialized or assigned a value

uninitialized

a _____________ is a variable whose content has a value that is read only and cannot be changed during the programs execution

named constant

a debugging process in which you imagine that you are the computer executing a program is called ___________

hand tracing

Short notes placed in different parts of a program, explaining how these parts of the program work, are called ____________

comments

Programmers must be careful not to make syntax errors when writing psuedocode

False

In a math expression, multiplication and division takes place before addition and subtraction.

True

Variable names can have spaces

False

In most languages, the first character of a variable name cannot be a number

True

The name gross_pay is written in the camelCase convention

False

in languages that require variable declarations, a variable's declaration must appear before any other statements that use the variable

True

Uninitialized variables are a common cause of errors

True

The value of a named constant cannot be changed during the programs execution

True

Hand Tracing is the process of translating a psuedocode program into machine language by hand

False

Internal documentation refers to books and manuals that document a program, and are intended for use within a company's programming department

False

A group of statements that exist within a program for the purpose of performing a specific task is a ___________

module

A benefit of using modules that helps to reduce the duplication of code within a program is __________

code reuse

The first line of a module definition is known as the ________

header

You ________ a module to execute it

call

a _________ point is a memory address of the location in the program that the computer will return to when a module ends

return

A design technique that programmers use to break down an algorithm into modules is known as _____________

top-down design

a __________ is a diagram that gives a visual representation of the relationships between modules in a program

hierarchy chart

A _________ is a variable that is declared inside a module

local variable

a ______ is the part of the program in which a variable may be accessed

scope

an _______ is a piece of data that is sent into a module

argument

a _______ is a special variable that receives a piece of data when a module is called

parameter

when __________, only a copy of the argument's value is passed into the parameter variable.

passing an argument by value

when ___________, the module can modify the argument in the calling part of the program

passing an argument by reference

A variable that is visible to every module in the program is a ___________

global variable

When possible, you should avoid using ________ variables in a program

global

The phrase "divide and conquer" means that all of the programmers on a team should be divided and work in isolation

False

Modules make it easier for programmers to work in teams

True

Module names should be as short as possible

False

Calling a module and defining a module mean the same thing

False

A flowchart shows the hierarchical relationships between modules in a program

False

A Hierarchy chart does not show the steps that are taken inside a module

True

A statement in one module can access a local variable in another module

False

In most programming languages, you cannot have two variables of the same name in the same scope

True

Programming languages typically require that arguments be of the same data type as the parameters they are passed through

True

Most languages do not allow you to write modules that accept multiple arguments

False

When an argument is passed by reference, the module can modify the argument in the calling part of the program

True

Passing an argument by value is a means of establishing two-way communication between modules

False

A _________ structure can execute a set of statements only under certain circumstances

decision

A ______ structure provides one alternative path of execution

single alternative decision

In pseudocode, the If-Then statement is an example of _________

decision structure

a __________ expression has a value of either true or false

Boolean

The symbols >, <, and == are all ________ operators

relational

a _____________ structure tests a condition and then takes one path is the condition is true, or another path if the condition is false

dual alternative decision

You use a __________ statement in pseudocode to write a single alternative decision structure

If-Then

You use a __________ statement in pseudocode to write a dual alternative decision structure

If-Then-Else

a ___________ structure allows you to test the value of a variable or an expression then use that value to determine which statement or set of statements to execture

multiple alternative decision

A __________ section of a Select Case statement is branched to if non of the case values match the expression listed after the Select statement

Default

AND, OR, and Not are _________ operators

logical

A compound Boolean expression created with the ____________ operator is true only if both it's subexpressions are true

AND

A compound Boolean expression created with the _______ operator is true if either of its subexpressions are true

OR

The _________ operator takes a Boolean expression as its operand and reverses it's logical value

NOT

A ___________ is a Boolean variable that signals when some condition exists in the program

Flag

You can write program using only sequence structures

False

A program can be made of only one type of control structure. You cannot combine structure

False

A single alternative decision structure tests a condition and then takes one path if the condition is true, or another path if it is false

False

A decision structure can be nested inside another decision structure

True

A compound Boolean expression created with the AND operator is true only when both subexpressions are true

True