Neurons are what?

highly specialized cell that receive and transmit information from one area of the body to another

The limbic system refers to what?

change function and structure

Neuroplasticity, or simply plasticity, refers to the brain's ability to:
a. generate new neurons
b. change function and structure
c. change structure but not function
d. change function but not structure

b. change function and structure

Which of the following is TRUE of glial cells?
a. they are usually larger that neurons
b. they manufacture endorphins
c. they help enhance the speed of communication
between neurons
d. they are both located in the cell body of every
neuron

c. they help enhance the speed of communication
between neurons

The part of the neuron that carries messages to other cells in the body is what?

axon

The phrase white matter in the brain refers to what?

myelinated axons

Functional plasticity:
a. can occur in children prior to about the age
seven
b. has been demonstrated in research with primates
but not with humans
c. refers to the brain's ability to shift
functions from damaged to undamaged areas of
the brain
d. can produce aphasia or paralysis

c. refers to the brain's ability to shift
functions from damaged to undamaged areas of
the brain

In humans, electrical stimulation of the amygdala produces what?

feelings of fear

The primary function of the myelin sheath is to do what?

insulate the axon and increase the speed at which neurons convey their message

According to the Critical Thinking box in the text, "'His' and "Her" Brains?"
a. research findings in differences in male and
female brains conclusively support the belief
that men and women think and reason differently
b. physiological gender differences are innate,
biological, permanent, and hard-wired in the
brain
c. not all structural differences found in male
and female brains lead to differences in
measurable behavior or abilities
d. neuronscientists have found no structural
differences between make and female brains

c. not all structural differences found in male
and female brains lead to differences in
measurable behavior or abilities

Information is transmitted along the axon:
a. at the speed of light or 186,000 miles per second
b. in the form of a brief electrical impulse
c. by glial cells
d. by hairlike projections

b. in the form of a brief electrical impulse

The cell body of a neuron:
a. directs the creation of new neurons in response
to new learning experiences
b. provide the energy needed for the neuron to
function
c. manufactures myelin
d. regenerates about every 3 months

b. provide the energy needed for the neuron to
function

The physical arousal that accompanies the fight-or-flight response involves the activation of which of the endocrine glands?

the testes in males and ovaries in females

Evidence suggests that the addictiveness of some drugs, including cocaine and nicotine, is related to increases in the activity of which of the following neurotransmitters?
a. dopamine
b. GABA
c. acetylcholine
d. serotonin

a. dopamine

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that involves what?

the degeneration of the myelin sheath, slowing ir interrupting the transmission of neural messages

Which of the following statements about glial cells is FALSE?
a. glial cells are smaller than neurons
b. glial cells outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1
c. one type of glial cell produces the myelin
sheath that surrounds the axons of some neurons
d. in the most sophisticated area of the brain,
glial cells send and receive information on
almost exactly the same way that neurons do

d. in the most sophisticated area of the brain,
glial cells send and receive information on
almost exactly the same way that neurons do