front 1 What is the bacterial structure that is a potent activator of innate host response? | back 1 LPS |
front 2 What is the antiphagocytic bacterial structure? | back 2 Capsule |
front 3 What kind of peptidoglycan have a Gram-Positive bacteria? | back 3 Thick and Layered |
front 4 What is the common biochemical pathway for the pyruvate in the bacteria without oxygen? | back 4 Fermentation, pyruvate reduced to lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase, regenerating NAD+ in the process. |
front 5 What structure is a protection of colony from environmental, antimicrobials, and host response? | back 5 Biofilm |
front 6 Which virulence mechanisms attach the bacteria to the host? | back 6 Adhesions |
front 7 Which mechanisms of virulence occurs when the bacterium enters the host? | back 7 Invasions |
front 8 Which bacterial products are that harm tissue or destroyed biological activities? | back 8 Endotoxins, but products depend on the bacteria (Exotoxins) |
front 9 Which mechanisms of antibiotic action interference with bacterial cell wall? | back 9 Many of them inhibit peptidoglycan formation of layers or its synthesis completely |
front 10 Which mechanisms of antibiotic action stop the protein production? | back 10 1. Prevent release of peptide chains, elongation, initiation and binding in 30s ribosome 2. Prevent initiation of synthesis and elongation in 50s ribosome |
front 11 Which mechanisms of antibiotic action stop the genetic material production? | back 11
|
front 12 Which mechanisms of antibiotic action stops the bacterial production of what it needs? | back 12
(Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Trimethoprim) |
front 13 Which bacteria can act in different tissues? | back 13 S. aureus |
front 14 Which bacteria has factors that need to be internalized into the host to become activated? | back 14 B. anthracis |
front 15 Which bacteria comes to present as a symptom cough and sometimes with blood? | back 15 m. tuberculosis??? |
front 16 Which bacteria can’t be cultured on artificial media? | back 16 Mycobacterium Leprae |
front 17 Which bacteria have a very specific shape that you can recognize in the microscope? | back 17 v. cholerae??? |
front 18 Which bacteria can produce abortion and diphteria? | back 18 Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
front 19 Which bacteria uses holey's agar to detection? | back 19 Listeria and Related Gram-Positive Bacteria |
front 20 Which bacteria can produce Gonorrhea? | back 20 Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
front 21 Which bacteria has capsular polysaccharides? | back 21 Haemphilus (5 types, influenzae, aegyptius, ducreyl, actinomycetemcomitans, multocida) |
front 22 Which virulence factors are associated with Enterobacteriaceae family? | back 22 Endotoxin, Capsule, Antigenic phase, Type 3 secretions, Sequestration of growth factors, Resistance to serum killing, and Antimicrobial resistance. LPS E. coli --> Adhesions & Exotoxins. |
front 23 Which bacteria is confirmed with TCBS agar? | back 23 Vibrio cholerae |
front 24 Which bacteria is the most common opportunistic? | back 24 Anaerobic, Non-spore-forming, Gram-positive rods ex. Lactobacillus spp. & Bifidobacterium spp. |
front 25 Which bacteria produces Pertussis? | back 25 Bordetella pertussis |
front 26 Which bacteria produces Brucellosis? | back 26 Brucella |
front 27 Which bacteria produces Tularemia? | back 27 francisella tularensis??? |
front 28 Which bacteria produces Syphillis? | back 28 Treponema pallidum |
front 29 Which bacteria produces Botulism? | back 29 Clostridium botulinum |
front 30 Which bacteria is anaerobic and although it is part of commercial
probiotics for children and is | back 30 lactobacillus??? |
front 31 Which bacteria produces Lyme disease? | back 31 Spirochaetaceae BORRELIA??? |
front 32 Which bacteria doesn’t have cell wall? | back 32 MYCOPLASMA |
front 33 Are edema factor and lethal factor toxic by themselves? | back 33 NO?? |
front 34 What is the main property in isolated culture of Clostridium perfringens? | back 34 Form endospores (gas production & double zone hemolysis) |
front 35 Why do mycobacterial infections have to be treated with multiple drugs for 6 months or more? | back 35 Lipid rich cell wall makes it resistant to traditional common antibacterial antibiotics. It is slowly growing. |
front 36 What virulence factors have been associated with Neisseriaceae family? | back 36
|
front 37 What are the most common virulence factors? | back 37 Capsule, adhesions, invasion |
front 38 Which bacteria produces Gastritis? | back 38 Helicobacter pylori |
front 39 Which bacteria is an obligatory intracellular parasite? | back 39 Chlamydia, or Chlamydiaceae |
front 40 Which bacteria produces Rocky Mountain fever? | back 40 Rickettsia rickettsii |
front 41 1546 Fracastoro | back 41 Early version of Germ Theory |
front 42 1665 Hooke | back 42 Observes cork cells under microscope |
front 43 1674 Van Leeuwenhoek | back 43 Observes single celled organisms |
front 44 1847 Semmelweis | back 44 Hand washing reduces puerperal infections |
front 45 1854 Snow | back 45 cholera bacteria transmitted in contaminated water |
front 46 1856 Pasteur | back 46 discovers microbial fermentation while studying beer/wine |
front 47 1862 Pasteur | back 47 DISPROVES spontaneous generation with swan neck flask |
front 48 1867 Lister | back 48 begins using carbolic acid as a disinfectant during surgery |
front 49 1876-1906 Koch | back 49 determined causative agents for many bacterial infections |
front 50
| back 50 Brightfield Microscope |
front 51
| back 51 Darkfield Microscope |
front 52
| back 52 Phase-Contrast Microscope |
front 53
| back 53 Fluorescent Microscope |
front 54
| back 54 Electron Microscope |
front 55 ANAEROBICBACTERIA What are the two agars? What are the three main types? (Hint: B..., C..., A....) How can you confirm? | back 55 Anaerobic culture (semisolidagar or Brucella agar) Bacteroides PCR |
front 56 AEROBICBACTERIA Wet mount and Gram stain (motility, shape, +/-) What are the three shapes that able to be identified? | back 56
|
front 57 How are Vibrios differentiated? What test is it? What are the three types? | back 57 TCBS test. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus |
front 58 How are Spirilla and Speriquets differentiated? What are the three examples given? Hint: Syphillis & Fever, headache, bone pain & Tick or luose-borne relapsing fever. | back 58 Stain & Immunohistochemistry. Treponema Pallidum, Leptospira interrongans, Borrelia recurrentis |
front 59 What is the next step after determining they are aerobic bacteria, and it is none of the other shapes? From there what is determined? | back 59 GRAM STAIN. Positive or Negative. Cocci or Bacilli. |
front 60 If you have a Gram-Positive Cocci, what test do you perform next? What results do you get from those tests? Are there any additional tests? What is the specific bacteria that is mentioned? | back 60 The CATALASE test. Positive results in Staph. Additional test: COAGULASE test. Positive S. aureus, Negative others. Negative results in Strep. Additional test HEMOLYSIS |
front 61 If you have Gram-Positive Bacilli, what are the options? Hint: there are 4 | back 61 Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Listeria |
front 62 If you have Gram-Negative Cocci, what are the options? Hint: there are 3 | back 62 Neisseria, Eikenella, Kingella |
front 63 If you have Gram-Negative Bacilli, what tests need to be done? Hint: there are 7 | back 63
|
front 64 Lactose Test (Mac Conkey agar) - positive? negative? | back 64 Positive Pink. Negative Yellow. |
front 65 Citrate Test - positive? negative? | back 65 Positive Blue. Negative Green. |
front 66 Indole - positive? negative? | back 66 Positive Pink. Negative Yellow. |
front 67 Urease Test -positive? negative? | back 67 Positive Pink. Negative Yellow. |