front 1 Antithesis "To err is human, to forgive, divine." | back 1 Placing contrasting terms or ideas close together in a parallel structure. Eg: "My only love sprung from my only hate." Effect: to emphasise their difference and give the effect of balance |
front 2 Apostrophe | back 2 A direct address to a person or personified idea. Eg: O death! Where is thy sting? Effect: A cry, or outpouring of emotion |
front 3 Caesura | back 3 An audible pause in a line of poetry Eg: "If this proves true, they'll pay for it. By my honour." Effect: to create a dramatic (or rhythmic) effect. Notice the difference between the comma and the full stop above. |
front 4 Symbolism | back 4 A word or phrase signifying a sign or mark representing something else The dove (of peace), the cross (Christianity) Effect: A symbol brings a significant idea and all its connotations in a single word/phrase |
front 5 Enjambment | back 5 When the meaning from a line of poetry is completed on the next line. "How long have they tugged the leash, and strained apart, My pack of unruly hounds." Effect: Emphasises an idea or adds to the flow of the line |
front 6 End stopped line | back 6 The lines of a stanza that give a grammatical pause at the end of each line "I can haul and urge them no more." Purpose: To complete an idea both visually and grammatically |
front 7 Sibilance | back 7 The repetition of the consonant sound /s/ or /z/ Effect: hissing sound; onomatopoeic effect Purpose: to slow the reader. |