front 1 Define work in a biological context. | back 1 The ability to do stuff (bring about change). |
front 2 Define Aerobic respiration. | back 2 A process where organic molecules and oxygen are used to make ATP |
front 3 What happens in the process of fermentation? (reactants and products) | back 3 Partial sugar degradation without the use of oxygen to regenerate NAD+ |
front 4 How many metabolic stages does cellular respiration have? | back 4 3. Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation |
front 5 What happens in a redox reaction? | back 5 partial or complete transfer of electrons from one reactant to another |
front 6 What is NAD+ used for during organic molecule breakdowns? | back 6 To transfer electrons |
front 7 What is the purpose of the electron transport chain? | back 7 To harvest energy from electrons in small, controlled steps and turn chemical energy into ATP |
front 8 What is the chemical reaction of glycolysis and where does it occur? | back 8 Glucose (6C) becomes two pyruvate (3C) molecules |
front 9 What is pyruvate oxidization and where does it occur? | back 9 Pyruvate oxidization is the process that turns pyruvate into acetyl CoA and CO2 right before it enters the Krebs cycle. It occurs right as pyruvate enters the mitochondria from the cytosol |
front 10 Why is the production of NADH and FADH2 during the Krebs cycle important? | back 10 Because those molecules are needed in the following electron transport chain |
front 11 Of Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain which produces the most ATP, roughly how much is that in a percent? | back 11 the electron transport chain with 90% of the ATP production |
front 12 Oxidative phosphorylation produced how much ATP with one glucose molecule? | back 12 32 ATP |
front 13 There are two kinds of phosphorylation. _________-__________ phosphorylation and ________________ phosphorylation. | back 13 Substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation |
front 14 What are cytochromes? | back 14 electron carriers with an iron atom |
front 15 ATP synthase | back 15 Using a motor mechanism in the mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase is a process where H+ are pumped from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix |
front 16 Define chemiosmosis | back 16 energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work |
front 17 proton-motive force | back 17 The H+ gradient that allows the capacity to do work |
front 18 Alcohol fermentation turns ___________ into ethanol and releases _____ in the process | back 18 pyruvate, CO2 |
front 19 Lactic acid fermentation turns pyruvate into _________ with the help of NADH | back 19 lactose |
front 20 Obligate anearobes do not require oxygen. What happens if they come into contact with it? | back 20 They die <3 |
front 21 Facultative anaerobes differ from Obligate anaerobes how? | back 21 The do not die in the presence of oxygen, they can make use of cellular respiration |
front 22 What is the main input and output of beta oxidiztion? | back 22 Input: fatty acids Output: acetyl CoA |
front 23 ____________ is when the body uses small molecules to build other substances | back 23 Biosynthesis |