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Cellular respiration and fermentation

front 1

Define work in a biological context.

back 1

The ability to do stuff (bring about change).

front 2

Define Aerobic respiration.

back 2

A process where organic molecules and oxygen are used to make ATP

front 3

What happens in the process of fermentation? (reactants and products)

back 3

Partial sugar degradation without the use of oxygen to regenerate NAD+

front 4

How many metabolic stages does cellular respiration have?

back 4

3. Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

front 5

What happens in a redox reaction?

back 5

partial or complete transfer of electrons from one reactant to another

front 6

What is NAD+ used for during organic molecule breakdowns?

back 6

To transfer electrons

front 7

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

back 7

To harvest energy from electrons in small, controlled steps and turn chemical energy into ATP

front 8

What is the chemical reaction of glycolysis and where does it occur?

back 8

Glucose (6C) becomes two pyruvate (3C) molecules

front 9

What is pyruvate oxidization and where does it occur?

back 9

Pyruvate oxidization is the process that turns pyruvate into acetyl CoA and CO2 right before it enters the Krebs cycle. It occurs right as pyruvate enters the mitochondria from the cytosol

front 10

Why is the production of NADH and FADH2 during the Krebs cycle important?

back 10

Because those molecules are needed in the following electron transport chain

front 11

Of Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain which produces the most ATP, roughly how much is that in a percent?

back 11

the electron transport chain with 90% of the ATP production

front 12

Oxidative phosphorylation produced how much ATP with one glucose molecule?

back 12

32 ATP

front 13

There are two kinds of phosphorylation. _________-__________ phosphorylation and ________________ phosphorylation.

back 13

Substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

front 14

What are cytochromes?

back 14

electron carriers with an iron atom

front 15

ATP synthase

back 15

Using a motor mechanism in the mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase is a process where H+ are pumped from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix

front 16

Define chemiosmosis

back 16

energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

front 17

proton-motive force

back 17

The H+ gradient that allows the capacity to do work

front 18

Alcohol fermentation turns ___________ into ethanol and releases _____ in the process

back 18

pyruvate, CO2

front 19

Lactic acid fermentation turns pyruvate into _________ with the help of NADH

back 19

lactose

front 20

Obligate anearobes do not require oxygen. What happens if they come into contact with it?

back 20

They die <3

front 21

Facultative anaerobes differ from Obligate anaerobes how?

back 21

The do not die in the presence of oxygen, they can make use of cellular respiration

front 22

What is the main input and output of beta oxidiztion?

back 22

Input: fatty acids

Output: acetyl CoA

front 23

____________ is when the body uses small molecules to build other substances

back 23

Biosynthesis