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44 notecards = 11 pages (4 cards per page)

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MicroLab(2-Intro+nutrition)

front 1

What is a vegetative cell?

back 1

growing, and metabolically active form of a microorganism.

front 2

What is a spore?

back 2

An inactive, highly resistant form of a microorganism

front 3

What happens during sporulation?

back 3

A vegetative cell transforms into a spore, forming a thick protective coat around DNA.

front 4

What is The process where a spore transforms back into a vegetative cell

back 4

Germination

front 5

What is The process where a vegetative cell transforms into a spore

back 5

Sporulation

front 6

What is sterilization?

back 6

The complete removal of all microbes, including endospores

front 7

how hot is dry heat sterilization?

back 7

ovens at 150-180°C

front 8

how long is dry heat sterilization?

back 8

1-3 hours

front 9

how hot is Moist heat sterilization?

back 9

121°C

front 10

how long is Moist heat sterilization?

back 10

15-20 minutes.

front 11

How Wide is Filtration for for bacterial removal?

back 11

0.22 μm filters

front 12

How Wide is Filtration for mycoplasma removal.

back 12

0.1 μm

front 13

What is inorganic Hypochlorite(bleach)` used for

back 13

viruses and
bacteria.

front 14

What is paracetic acid used for?

back 14

spores, bacteria, and viruses

front 15

What is Alcohol (70%) used for?

back 15

vegetative bacteria and viruses.

front 16

What are antiseptics?

back 16

Used on living tissue to inhibit or destroy microbes, usually not effective against spores

front 17

What is most effective for biofilms

back 17

anti-biofilms

front 18

What is agar extracted from?

back 18

Seaweed (more specifically agarophytes)

front 19

What temperature does agar liquefies

back 19

100C

front 20

How much agar does a semisolid medium contain

back 20

less than 1% agar

front 21

How much agar does a solid medium contain

back 21

1.5-1.8% agar

front 22

What temperature does agar Solidifies

back 22

40°C

front 23

What is the Cultivation temperature for agar

back 23

37.5C

front 24

What are environmental factors for optimal growth

back 24

1. pH
2. Temperature
3. Osmotic pressure
4. Gaseous requirements

front 25

What Does Test tubes contain

back 25

broth or agar (solid or Liquid medium)

front 26

What materials are wire loops and needles made from?

back 26

Inert metals like Nichrome or platinum.

front 27

How are wire loops and needles sterilized?

back 27

By incineration in the blue part of a Bunsen burner flame.

front 28

What materials are used for liquid transfers in microbiology?

back 28

Pipettes made of glass or plastic.

front 29

What is the purpose of micropipettes?

back 29

Transferring volumes of liquid less than 1 mL

front 30

What is Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar used for?

back 30

Isolating most gram-positive organisms + Partially inhibits gram-Negative

front 31

What type of microorganisms does Crystal Violet Agar select for?

back 31

Most gram-negative microorganisms + Inhibits Most gram-positive organisms

front 32

What type of organisms does 7.5% Sodium Chloride Agar inhibit?

back 32

Most organisms except halophilic(salt loving) microorganisms.

front 33

What Selective Media is best to detect Staphylococcus species

back 33

7.5% Sodium Chloride Agar

front 34

What does Mannitol salt agar contain?

back 34

7.5 sodium chloride agar+ mannitol(fermentable alcahol sugar)+ pH indicator(Phenol red)

front 35

Name a fastidious organism?

back 35

Streptococcus

front 36

On what bases does Blood agar differentiate microbes

back 36

Hemolysis(How red blood cells rapture and secrete their contents in the surroundings fluid)

front 37

What is the general range of temperature bacterias can grow at?

back 37

-5C to 80C

front 38

What is the range of temperature for the growing of psychrophiles?

back 38

-5 to 20C

front 39

What is generally the range of temperature for the growing of mesophiles

back 39

20-45C

front 40

What is the range of temperature for the growing of plant saprophytes

back 40

20-30C

front 41

What is the range of temperature for the growing of warm blooded hosts

back 41

35-40C

front 42

What is the range of temperature for the growing of Thermophiles

back 42

>35C

front 43

What is the range of temperature for the growing of facultative thermophiles

back 43

Can grow at 37C, they optimally grow within in the range of 45-60C

front 44

What is the range of temperature for the growing of obligate thermophiles

back 44

They can only grow>50C, with an optimal growth temperature of 60C