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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

35 notecards = 9 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

pig anatomy

front 1

teeth

back 1

mechanically break down food

front 2

salivary glands

back 2

secrete digestive enzymes (amylase) to begin chemical breakdown of food

front 3

esophagus

back 3

transport food to stomach

front 4

heart

back 4

blood pump

front 5

thymus

back 5

immune system

some wbc mature here

front 6

thyroid

back 6

no digestive function
hormonally governs metabolism
hyper vs hypo thyroidism

front 7

lungs

back 7

gas exchange

front 8

stomach

back 8

produces HCl and pepsinogen which help in the chemical breakdown of food

breakdown of proteins via pepsin

storage

front 9

liver

back 9

turn erythrocytes into bile

filters toxins

turns ammonia waster from protein breakdwon into urea

produces cholesterol and fibrinogen

stores glycogen

front 10

gallbladder

back 10

stores bile produced by the lives

front 11

umbilical vein

back 11

brings blood from placenta to fetus

front 12

small intestine

back 12

nutrient absorption

some secretion

front 13

umbilical arteries

back 13

2

they take blood from fetus to placenta

front 14

bile duct

back 14

transports bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum

front 15

spleen

back 15

lymphatic system
no digestive function
helps breakdown work out red blood cells

front 16

diaphragm

back 16

muscle sheet that separates abdominal from thoracic regions
allows vocalizations of mammals

front 17

pancreas

back 17

produces digestive enzymes and delivers them through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum

front 18

duodenum

back 18

receives chyme from the stomach along with bile and digestive enzymes from the gallbladder and pancreas

front 19

jejunum

back 19

responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption and reabsorption of water

front 20

ileum

back 20

continues the process of nutrient absorption and reabsorption of water

front 21

large intestine

back 21

reabsorbs water

front 22

caecum

back 22

holds symbionts that breakdown cellulose
animals cannot breakdown this polymer, rather they must have bacteria or protists in their gut who can

front 23

urinary bladder

back 23

stores urine

front 24

cecum

back 24

small, blind-ended out-pocket demarcating the beginning of the large intestine that has a reduced appearance and function in carnivores and omnivores; in herbivores it contains anaerobic bacteria responsible for fermentation of cellulose and other plant materials

front 25

spiral colon

back 25

responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes; transports feces to the rectum by peristalsis

front 26

rectum

back 26

final site of water reabsorption and feces dehydration

front 27

anus

back 27

regulates egestion of undigested food from the body

front 28

exocrine pancreas

back 28

digestion; 90% of the pancreas
produces a variety of inactive enzymes which are piped to the duodenum
pancreatic amylase
sodium bicarbonate

front 29

endocrine pancreas

back 29

hormone; 10% of pancreas
isolated regions called islets of langerhans
alpha cells release glucagon
beta cells release insulin

front 30

cystic duct

back 30

comes from gallbladder to common bile

front 31

hepatic duct

back 31

comes from liver to common bile

front 32

protease

back 32

An enzyme that digests proteins by hydrolysis.

front 33

brush border

back 33

composed of microvilli that greatly increase the surface area

front 34

pyloric sphincter

back 34

staggers good so that not all at one time enters duodenum

front 35

cardiac sphincter

back 35

prohibit food from backing up into esophogus