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50 notecards = 13 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Sampling

front 1

Sampling

back 1

obtaining objective, reliable information on a population

front 2

Sample collection

back 2

a mechanical function and depends on:
• sampling method,
• site accessibility,
• geology,
• objectives of the project, and
• requirements for statistical analysis.

front 3

Sampling pattern

back 3

determined by the nature and geometry of mineralization (i.e.
size, shape, orientation, and distribution)

front 4

Sample spacing

back 4

determined by the coefficient of variability (ratio of
std. dev to the mean) or in other words, the degree of
homogeneity/heterogeneity of mineralization

front 5

sample collection

back 5

the taking of representative
fractions

front 6

sample preparation

back 6

processing of the samples
collected through reduction in size and quantity

front 7

Sample testing

back 7

sample analysis

front 8

Grab Sampling

back 8

Quick approximation
- Randomly picked

front 9

Percussion Drilling

back 9

churn drill
suitable for soft and medium formation
- relatively short holes (10-50 m)

front 10

Auger Drilling (Rotary)

back 10

low cost, speed and mobility
soft and loose ground
inaccurate due to wall collapse & contamination

front 11

Hand-operated augers

back 11

3 m with 10-15cm hole diameter

front 12

Mechanically driven augers

back 12

up to >30 m or more depending
on subsoil

front 13

Percussive Cum Rotary

back 13

Jackhammers, wagon drills
air-driven drills with depth of drilling limited to 6 m
for development of tunnels, advance mining faces and
breaking big boulders in road and other construction areas.

front 14

Diamond Drilling (Rotary)

back 14

extensively used for mineral exploration, dam sites + other
foundation test works, mine development face, drainage of
mine workings, mine vent., oil structure investigations & oilgas wells

front 15

drill rods

back 15

usually 10 feet (3.05 m) long through which water is
pumped to cool the bit + flush the rock cuttings

front 16

Diamond core bit

back 16

a cylindrical
hollow tube made of special alloys with a crown at one end

front 17

Drilling mud

back 17

– (bentonite, barite)
prevents damage of drilling
tools, serves as lubricant

front 18

Core barrel

back 18

attached between the lower end of the drill rods
and the reamer shell. It holds the core inside while drilling and
brought to the surface.

front 19

Single tube

back 19

best core recovery condition or non-coring bits in
blast hole drilling

front 20

Double tube

back 20

average core recovery, where the inner and outer
tubes are connected and rotate simultaneously

front 21

“Triple tube

back 21

complex core barrels and expensive type used in
broken, friable and sheared formations

front 22

Wire Line Drilling

back 22

saves considerable time and energy.

withdrawing the core and inner tube assembly (core barrel) from the hole without pulling out the hollow drill rods by a separate hoisting unit fixed at a different pulley.

front 23

Continuous Core Drilling

back 23

refers to circulating air down to the bit head outside the drill rods and returning it up through inside the bit,
core barrel and drill rods.

front 24

RC Drillingv

back 24

- commonly used for open pit excavation of iron ore, bauxite,
limestone, rock phosphate, and coal seams.
- 10-15 cm large diameter vertical blast holes at high speed and
low cost

front 25

core samples

back 25

from diamond drills or from the casing drills

front 26

dry cuttings

back 26

from air-flushed diamond, rotary, auger or
percussion drilling, and

front 27

wet cuttings

back 27

or sludge from churn drills, diamond
drill, or wet rotary or percussion drilling

front 28

Soil Sampling/Talus Debris

back 28

Usually in scanty outcrops
- Soil samples are collected on a relatively closely spaced
rectangular/square grid pattern at specified intervals

front 29

float samples

back 29

- for analyzing whether it would be useful in
the detection of concealed mineralization with a thin cover

front 30

Pitting/Pit Sampling

back 30

Commonly during initial stage of surface geochemical
exploration
- Excavating 1x1 m2 pits in rectangular or square grid
patterns covering the entire target area w/ varying depths
depending on extent of weathering and nature of rocks

front 31

Trenching/Trench Sampling

back 31

10m and 3-5m deep

Trenches are often cut across
the orebody after the
probable configuration of
mineralization is outlined
either by pitting or by
rock/soil sampling

front 32

tack/Dump Sampling

back 32

center, then 4 more from
halfway to the corners

collection of representative
broken material generated by
pitting, trenching, mine
production etc.

front 33

Muck Sampling

back 33

few handheld spade or mechanized shovels full of
mineralized fragments and fines collected from the mine
face or stope draw points

front 34

Alluvial Placer

back 34

Usually less-consolidated materials
(weathered) but stratified
- Scooping by hand spade or by auger
drills

front 35

Channel Sampling

back 35

For uniformly distributed mineralization (veins, stringers,
disseminations)
- cutting of channels across mineralized body in fresh surface
exposures/underground mine workings ( face, walls and
roof)

front 36

Chip Sampling

back 36

For hard, dense irregularly distributed/disseminated mineralization

- chipping off same-sized fragments of about 1x1 to 2x2 cm size covering the entire surface exposure, underground
mine face, wall and roof in a regular grid interval (25x25 cm)

front 37

Car & Sampling

back 37

Handful of the broken ore
material picked up randomly
every 5th/10th… moving car
transported by mine-car from
underground operations,
dumpers/trucks

front 38

back 38

Cross-Belt & Falling stream Sampling

front 39

Bulk Sampling

back 39

normally of large volume (100 -1000
tonnes) representing all the distinctive
characteristics of the orebody

- From different parts of stockpile of trial
pit (surface), trial crosscuts
(underground) and ROM of regular
production

front 40

back 40

Coning & Quartering

front 41

back 41

Riffle Splitter

front 42

) Surface Exploration

back 42

- Pitting, Trenching, Stack and Placer sampling

front 43

Surface and Underground

back 43

Diamond drill core, RC drill cuttings, Sludge, Channel and Chip sampling

front 44

Quick Estimation of ROM (run-of-mine) grade

back 44

Grab, Muck, Car, Bulk sampling

front 45

Thick (uniform)

back 45

Chip or Grab Sampling

front 46

Medium (uniform)

back 46

Chip + Channel Sampling

front 47

Too thin (in layers

back 47

Chip sampling

front 48

Very Large

back 48

Large number of chip samples

front 49

Gold, rare metals

back 49

Bulk Sampling

front 50

Banded

back 50

Channel Sampling