front 1 Olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate | back 1 Olfactory nerve I |
front 2 Optic canal | back 2 Optic nerve II |
front 3 Superior orbital fissure | back 3 Oculomotor nerve III, trochlear nerve IV, trigeminal nerve V, and abducens nerve VI |
front 4 Foramen rotundum | back 4 Trigeminal nerve V |
front 5 Foramen ovale | back 5 Trigeminal nerve V |
front 6 Foramen lacerum | back 6 No structure passes through because it is covered by a membrane in adults |
front 7 Foramen spinosum | back 7 Middle meningeal artery |
front 8 Carotid canal | back 8 Internal carotid artery |
front 9 Internal auditory meatus | back 9 Facial nerve VII, vestibulocochlear nerveVIII |
front 10 Jugular foramen | back 10 Internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve IX, vagus nerve X, and spinal accessory nerve XI |
front 11 Hypoglossal canal | back 11 Hypoglossal nerve XII |
front 12 Supraorbital foramen | back 12 Supraorbital artery and nerve |
front 13 Inferior orbital fissure | back 13 Zygomatic nerve and blood vessel |
front 14 Infraorbital foramen | back 14 Infraorbital nerve |
front 15 Mental foramen | back 15 Blood vessel and trigeminal nerve V |
front 16 Foramen magnum | back 16 Spinal cord |
front 17 Stylomastoid foramen | back 17 Facial nerve VII |
front 18 Mandibular foramen | back 18 Alveolar nerve |
front 19 Transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae | back 19 Vertebral arteries |
front 20 Costal groove | back 20 Neurovascular bundle |