front 1 Perspectives in psychology | back 1 Are the different ways of understanding and explaining human behavior and mental processes. These include:
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front 2 Psychodynamic | back 2 Explores how unconscious drives, conflicts, and childhood experiences affect a person's behavior.
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front 3 Behaviorsim | back 3 It focuses on observable behaviors and how they are learned through interacting with the environment.
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front 4 Humanistic | back 4 It focuses on personal growth/evolution/self-actualization.
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front 5 Cognitive | back 5 Examines all internal mental processes such as thinking, memory and problem-solving.
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front 6 Biological | back 6 Studies the psychological bases of behavior in humans and animals.
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front 7 Evolutionary | back 7 Considers how behavior and mental processes serve as adaptations for survival and reproduction. |
front 8 Sociocultural | back 8 Analyzes how culture and society has an effect on behavior.
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front 9 Biopsychological | back 9 Combines biological, psychological and social factors when analyzing behavior. |
front 10 Psychology | back 10 The scientific study of mental processes and behavior.
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front 11 Confirmation bias | back 11 When people only accept information that confirms their beliefs. Other information that does not align with those ideals is disregarded. |
front 12 Hindsight bias | back 12 When people think they know the outcome of an event is more predictable that it actually is.
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front 13 Overconfidence | back 13 When people think they know more or can do more than they actually do. |
front 14 Empirical evidence | back 14 Evidence obtained by observations, experimentation and/or measurement.
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front 15 The Scientific Method | back 15 Systematic/scientific approach to studying human behavior and mental processes.
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front 16 Hypothesis | back 16 A prediction of what will occur and result in an experiment.
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front 17 Falsifiable | back 17 A statement that can be equally proven as it can be disproven through experimentation. |
front 18 Peer Review | back 18 Experts evaluate and give feedback to scientists on their research articles and discoveries to see if it can be published or not. |
front 19 Replication | back 19 Process of repeating an experiment or process to see if the results are the same to the original study. |
front 20 Reliability | back 20 Consistent results of a test, measure or experiment.
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front 21 Validity | back 21 Refers to if a study or experiment measures what it intends to measure; if it effectively assesses what it is meant to assess. |
front 22 The American Psychological Association | back 22 The leading organization of psychologists.
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front 23 Research Design-Overall Structure | back 23 The plan that will be directing how a research study will be executed.
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front 24 Methodology-Specific Techniques | back 24 Systematic methods used to conduct research. |
front 25 Quantitative Data | back 25 Number-based data that is gathered from surveys, experiments or tests.
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front 26 Qualitative Data | back 26 Gives a deeper insight into complex topics by observation or interviews.
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front 27 Likert Scale | back 27 Measurement tool that assesses people's attitudes, opinions or perceptions.
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front 28 Structured Interviews | back 28 Method of investigation in which every participant is asked the same questions the same way.
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front 29 Survey Technique | back 29 Research method in which individuals self-report answers to open-ended questions about attitudes, beliefs, opinions or behaviors. |
front 30 Wording Effect | back 30 Changes in wording can cause different interpretations and responses.
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front 31 Social Desirability Bias | back 31 Tendency to answer according to what is thought should be answered due to social norms or what is favorable for others instead of giving a truthful answer. |
front 32 Naturalistic Observation | back 32 Research method in which behavior in real-world settings without intervention and manipulation is observed and recorded.
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front 33 Case study | back 33 A research method in which the behavior of a specific single individual, group or phenomenon is observed. |
front 34 Correlational Research | back 34 Research method that focuses on the relationships between 2 or more variables.
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front 35 Third Variable Problem/Confounding Variable | back 35 Third variable that influences or affects the relationship between variables (a third factor). |
front 36 Scatterplot | back 36 Visual representation of the relationship between two variables.
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front 37 Correlation Coefficient | back 37 Quantifies the strength and direction of the relationship of two variables.
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front 38 No Correlation | back 38 No relationship between the variables of an experiment.
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front 39 Positive Correlation | back 39 A correlation coefficient of +1 is a perfect relationship. Variables increase and decrease at the same time at the same rate.
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front 40 Negative Correlation | back 40 A correlation coefficient of -1 is a perfect relationship. Variables are inversely proportional.
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front 41 Experimental method | back 41 Research technique used to study cause and effect between the two variable's relationship.
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front 42 Independent Variable | back 42 The variable that is manipulated/ that the researcher controls in the experiment.
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front 43 Dependent Variable | back 43 The variable that is affected by the independent variable; it is the variable observed and measured. |
front 44 Confounding variable | back 44 A variable that is initially not considered in a study but affects the result. |
front 45 Operational Definition | back 45 Specifies measurable terms in a study.
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front 46 Experimental Group | back 46 The group receiving or being exposed to the independent variable.
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front 47 Control Group | back 47 The group that is not receiving or being exposed to the independent variable used to compare and contrast results.
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front 48 Random Assignment | back 48 Research method in which people will randomly be assigned to a group for the experiment.
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front 49 Placebo Effect | back 49 Phenomena in which a person believes their condition is improving due to a beneficial treatment rather than an actual ingredient or psychological mechanism. |
front 50 Experimental Bias | back 50 When the researcher's beliefs or ideals have an effect on the experiment's results.
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front 51 Single-Blind Study | back 51 Research method in which participants are unaware of their groups but researchers are aware. |
front 52 Double-Blind Study | back 52 Neither the researchers interacting with the participants or the participants knows to which group each participant belongs. |
front 53 Placebo Condition | back 53 Receiving the placebo makes the participant go under the placebo condition. |
front 54 Sample | back 54 Participants that are taken out of a larger group. |
front 55 Representative Sample | back 55 PArticipants selected to represent a larger population that reflects demographics, characteristics and diversity. |
front 56 Random Sample | back 56 Participants selected have the same opportunity to participate to prevent researcher bias; they are randomly chosen.
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front 57 Sample Bias | back 57 Sample is not representative so the results will be inaccurate or misleading. |
front 58 Generalizability | back 58 When the results of an experiment can be applied to the general public; it can be generalized. |
front 59 Statistics | back 59 Data collection in research studies; it turns data into information. |
front 60 Descriptive Statistics | back 60 Numerical measures that summarize and describe the characteristics of a data set.
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front 61 Inferential Statistics | back 61 Uses data from a sample to make inferences or predictions about a larger population.
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front 62 Measures of Central Tendency | back 62 Statistical tools used to describe the central or average data of a data set.
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front 63 Mean | back 63 Represents the average value of a set of data.
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front 64 Median | back 64 Middle value of a data set in ascending order.
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front 65 Mode | back 65 Value that is repeated with more frequency in a set of values. |