front 1 GDP per capita | back 1 The total goods and services produced by a country in a year per person. |
front 2 GDP | back 2 The total goods and services produced by a country in a year. |
front 3 GNI | back 3 All income of a countries residents and businesses, regardless of where it is produced. |
front 4 PPP | back 4 Purchasing Power Parity per person. Allows us to compare currencies with US currencies and then to each other. |
front 5 Life expectancy | back 5 The average number of years a person is expected to live at the year they are born if things remain constant in the future. |
front 6 Literacy rates | back 6 A measure of the ability to read and write. |
front 7 Infant mortality | back 7 Number of infant deaths under 1 year old in a given year per 1000 people. |
front 8 Human Development Index | back 8 A measure of development combining life expectancy, education and standard of living by income to rank countries into four tiers of human development, higher is better. |
front 9 Gini Coefficient | back 9 A measure of income inequality in a country, the lower the better. |
front 10 Formal jobs | back 10 Contracted work and salary where the worker has rights. |
front 11 Informal jobs | back 11 Unregistered work with no tax where the worker has no protection. |
front 12 Primary sector | back 12 The businesses that extract and produce raw materials. |
front 13 Secondary sector | back 13 Businesses that manufacture raw materials into finished goods. |
front 14 Tertiary sector | back 14 Businesses that provides a service. |
front 15 Quaternary sector | back 15 Firms that provide information and expertise using high technology. |
front 16 Globalisation | back 16 The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world economically, culturally and politically. |
front 17 Arable farming | back 17 The growth of crops such as vegetables, fruits and grains. |
front 18 Soil fertility | back 18 The capacity of a soil to provide crops with essential plant nutrients. |
front 19 Pastoral farming | back 19 The rating of livestock like cattle or sheep. |
front 20 Subsistence farming | back 20 Where most of the output is consumed by the family or people working the land with little or no profit. |
front 21 Shifting cultivation | back 21 Burning the vegetation to create an area of clear fertile land and moving to a new area once the fertility has dropped. |
front 22 Organic | back 22 Farming using natural alternatives instead of manufactured chemicals. |
front 23 Cattle ranching | back 23 The rearing of cows along grazing landforms the purpose to produce beef and leather. |
front 24 Deforestation | back 24 The felling of forest trees for non-forest use. |
front 25 Slash and burn | back 25 Cutting and burning vegetation to add short term nutrients to the soil. |
front 26 Inputs | back 26 Elements that are needed to begin the process of creating a product. |
front 27 Outputs | back 27 The finished product that is ready to sell. |
front 28 Processes | back 28 There activities required to create a product. |
front 29 By-product | back 29 Other products that may be created in the manufacturing process that can be made use of or sold. |
front 30 Waste | back 30 Left over material that is of no value and will be discarded. |
front 31 Light industry | back 31 When the unit weight of the product is lower so production requires less energy. |
front 32 Heavy industry | back 32 Unit weight of the product is greater so production requires more energy and heavy machinery. |
front 33 National company | back 33 A company that is located in only one country. |
front 34 Transnational company | back 34 A very large company that has operations in multiple countries. |
front 35 Capital intensive | back 35 High rates of investment for little amount of machinery or labour. |
front 36 Labour intensive | back 36 When there is low rate of capital to a high volume of labour. It is often done by TNC's in LEDC's. |
front 37 Market oriented | back 37 When a firm is located close to their market for the convenience of sales. |
front 38 Raw material orientated | back 38 When a firm is located close to ty raw materials they need to reduce manufacturing costs. |
front 39 Processing | back 39 Making a raw material ready to use. |
front 40 Assembly | back 40 Taking a range of raw materials and parts tone assembly point and putting them together. |
front 41 Fordist | back 41 Named after Ford Motors, an assembly line of mass production. |
front 42 Flexible | back 42 Specialist products that can be made to suit the request of the buyer. |
front 43 Agglomeration | back 43 When multiple companies that are similar are located close to one another. |
front 44 Growth pole | back 44 Tourism creating an economic centre increasing the income of those who live in that area. |
front 45 Boreholes | back 45 Extracting groundwater with pressure created by a pump. |
front 46 Desalinisation | back 46 Using reverse osmosis to separate salt from seawater. |
front 47 Cloud seeding | back 47 Spray clouds with silver iodine forcing precipitation. |
front 48 Water diversion | back 48 Divert water from an area with a water surplus to a place with a water deficit. |
front 49 Water stress | back 49 Less than 1700m3 of drinkable water per person. |
front 50 Water scarcity | back 50 Less than 1000m3 of drinkable water per person. |
front 51 Particulate matter | back 51 Matter suspended in the air, its size usually under 0.1mm. |
front 52 Environmental Kuznets Curve | back 52 Pollution shown on a graph against the state of economic development. |
front 53 Sustained pollution | back 53 Consistent pollution over a long period of time. |
front 54 Wet acid deposition | back 54 When acidic gases mix with water in the atmosphere creating acid rain. |
front 55 Dry acid deposition | back 55 When the acidic pollutants don't mix with water and fall directly on the surface. |
front 56 Retreating ice | back 56 When ice caps and glaciers retreat on average as they melt to much in summer and don't grow enough in winter. |
front 57 El Nino | back 57 A weather system in the Pacific Ocean that acts differently due to sudden changes. |
front 58 Permafrost | back 58 A permanently frozen layer on or under Earth's surface. |
front 59 Sustainable development | back 59 Meeting the needs of today whilst ensuring that future generations can also meet their needs and have enough recourses left. |