front 1 Addition Reaction is what? | back 1 When you have two reactants and you add them to create one product. |
front 2 Elimination Reaction is what? | back 2 When you have one reactant and it splits into two products. |
front 3 What are substitiution reactions? | back 3 When two reactants exchange parts to give to two new products. |
front 4 What are rearrangement reactions? | back 4 Based on when a single reactant undergoes a reorganization of bonds and atoms to yield an isomeric product. |
front 5 What is a reaction mechanism? | back 5 A reaction mechanism describes the sequence of steps in a chemical transformation, detailing the order in which bonds are broken and formed, and the relative rates of each step. |
front 6 What is involved in a chemical reaction? | back 6 Bond breaking and bond making |
front 7 Heterolytic (polar) | back 7 Unsymmetrical cleavage; two bonding electrons stay with one product |
front 8 What is a carbocation? | back 8 An electrophile; a species that accepts electrons from a nucleophile to stabilize it |
front 9 What are polar reactions? | back 9 Processes that involve unsymmetrical bond-breaking and bond-making |
front 10 What are Radical reactions? | back 10 Processes that involve symmetrical bond-breaking and bond-making |
front 11 Radical | back 11 a neutral chemical species that has an odd number of electrons and has a single, unpaired electron in one of its orbitals. |
front 12 How do polar reactions occur? | back 12 because of the electrical attraction between positively polarized and negatively polarized centers on functional groups |
front 13 Polarizability? | back 13 the tendency of matter to acquire an electric dipole moment when exposed to an electric field |
front 14 What are nucleophiles (electron rich) | back 14 Is nucleus loving and donates pair of electrons/bonds |
front 15 What are electrophiles (electron poor) | back 15 Is electron loving and can form a bond by accepting pairs from nucleophile |
front 16 What is a carbocation? | back 16 An electrophile; a species that accepts electrons from a nucleophile to stabilize it |
front 17 Equillibrium Constatn formula | back 17 aA+bB⇌cC+dD Keq=[C]c[D]d / [A]a[B]b |
front 18 What causes for a favorable equillibrium constant? | back 18 the energy of the products must be lower than the energy of the reactants; energy must be released. |
front 19 What is Gibbs free-energy change (ΔG | back 19 energy change that occurs during a chemical reaction |
front 20 Energy is lost? | back 20 Exergonic |
front 21 Energy is absorbed? | back 21 Endergonic |
front 22 enthalpy change (ΔH), also called the heat of reaction is what? | back 22 is a measure of the change in total bonding energy during a reaction. |
front 23 The entropy change (ΔS) is what? | back 23 a measure of the change in the amount of molecular randomness, or freedom of motion, that accompanies a reaction. |
front 24 What is bond strength, or bond dissociation energy | back 24 The amount of energy needed to break a given bond to produce two radical fragments when the molecule is in the gas phase at 25 °C |
front 25 What releases heat | back 25 Making bonds in the product |
front 26 What absorbs heat | back 26 Breaking bonds in the reactant |
front 27 What is reaction coordinate | back 27 represents the progress of the reaction from beginning to end. |
front 28 What is the maximum energy? | back 28 Transition state |
front 29 What is the activation energy, ΔG ‡ | back 29 The energy difference between reactants and the transition state |
front 30 A high activation energy results in? | back 30 in a slow reaction because few collisions occur with enough energy for the reactants to reach the transition state. |
front 31 A low activation energy results in? | back 31 a rapid reaction because almost all collisions occur with enough energy for the reactants to reach the transition state. |