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Exam review

front 1

Identify the functions of the following hormones on the male reproductive system: GnRH, FHS, LH, testosterone

back 1

  • GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone):
    • Function: Signals the release of other hormones, FSH and LH, which control sperm production and testosterone.
  • FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone):
    • Function: Helps in sperm production by stimulating cells in the testes.
  • LH (Luteinizing Hormone):
    • Function: Triggers the production of testosterone in the testes.
  • Testosterone:
    • Function: The main male hormone, responsible for masculine traits and reproductive functions like sperm production.

front 2

If an athlete decides to take injections of testosterone in order to improve athletic performance, what effects can this have on the pituitary and hypothalamus?

back 2

Negative Feedback: Injected testosterone signals the body to produce less of its own testosterone, reducing LH from the pituitary

front 3

Identify the functions of the following hormones on the female reproductive system: GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone, Prolactin, HCG, Relaxin, Oxytocin

back 3

<ul> <li>GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone): <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Tells the body when to release hormones that control the menstrual cycle and ovulation.</li> </ul></li> <li>FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone): <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Helps eggs in the ovaries to mature and triggers the release of estrogen.</li> </ul></li> <li>LH (Luteinizing Hormone): <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Triggers ovulation and helps in the production of progesterone.</li> </ul></li> <li>Estrogen: <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Develops female sexual characteristics, regulates the menstrual cycle, and prepares the uterus for pregnancy.</li> </ul></li> <li>Progesterone: <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Helps maintain pregnancy and prepares the body for childbirth.</li> </ul></li> <li>Prolactin: <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Stimulates milk production in breastfeeding mothers.</li> </ul></li> <li>HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin): <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Signals the body that it's pregnant and supports early pregnancy.</li> </ul></li> <li>Relaxin: <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Helps relax muscles and ligaments during pregnancy and childbirth.</li> </ul></li> <li>Oxytocin: <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and promotes bonding between mother and baby.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <br>

front 4

Describe the relationship between the level of estrogen and the lining of the uterus

back 4

Estrogen makes the lining of the uterus thick. When estrogen levels rise, the lining grows. If there's no pregnancy, estrogen levels drop, causing the lining to shed during menstruation.

front 5

Explain how the body prevents a miscarriage from happening

back 5

The body prevents miscarriage by keeping hormone levels stable, supporting a healthy environment in the uterus, ensuring the embryo has the right genetics, and keeping the cervix closed and strong

front 6

Describe one positive feedback mechanism and one negative feedback mechanism in either male or female reproductive system

back 6

female; Positive feedback: During childbirth, oxytocin makes contractions stronger, which leads to more oxytocin release until the baby is born.

Negative feedback: In the menstrual cycle, rising estrogen and progesterone levels suppress the release of hormones that stimulate further follicle development and ovulation, helping maintain hormonal balance.

male;

Positive feedback: During ejaculation, the release of semen triggers pleasure signals in the brain, which then release more feel-good hormones, making the experience even more enjoyable.

Negative feedback: Testosterone levels are regulated by a process where high levels signal the brain to stop making hormones that produce testosterone, and low levels signal the brain to start making them again, ensuring testosterone levels stay balanced.