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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

6 notecards = 2 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Exam review

front 1

Identify the functions of the following hormones on the male reproductive system: GnRH, FHS, LH, testosterone

back 1

  • GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone):
    • Function: Signals the release of other hormones, FSH and LH, which control sperm production and testosterone.
  • FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone):
    • Function: Helps in sperm production by stimulating cells in the testes.
  • LH (Luteinizing Hormone):
    • Function: Triggers the production of testosterone in the testes.
  • Testosterone:
    • Function: The main male hormone, responsible for masculine traits and reproductive functions like sperm production.

front 2

If an athlete decides to take injections of testosterone in order to improve athletic performance, what effects can this have on the pituitary and hypothalamus?

back 2

Negative Feedback: Injected testosterone signals the body to produce less of its own testosterone, reducing LH from the pituitary

front 3

Identify the functions of the following hormones on the female reproductive system: GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone, Prolactin, HCG, Relaxin, Oxytocin

back 3

<ul> <li>GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone): <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Tells the body when to release hormones that control the menstrual cycle and ovulation.</li> </ul></li> <li>FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone): <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Helps eggs in the ovaries to mature and triggers the release of estrogen.</li> </ul></li> <li>LH (Luteinizing Hormone): <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Triggers ovulation and helps in the production of progesterone.</li> </ul></li> <li>Estrogen: <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Develops female sexual characteristics, regulates the menstrual cycle, and prepares the uterus for pregnancy.</li> </ul></li> <li>Progesterone: <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Helps maintain pregnancy and prepares the body for childbirth.</li> </ul></li> <li>Prolactin: <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Stimulates milk production in breastfeeding mothers.</li> </ul></li> <li>HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin): <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Signals the body that it's pregnant and supports early pregnancy.</li> </ul></li> <li>Relaxin: <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Helps relax muscles and ligaments during pregnancy and childbirth.</li> </ul></li> <li>Oxytocin: <ul> <li><strong>Function</strong>: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and promotes bonding between mother and baby.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <br>

front 4

Describe the relationship between the level of estrogen and the lining of the uterus

back 4

Estrogen makes the lining of the uterus thick. When estrogen levels rise, the lining grows. If there's no pregnancy, estrogen levels drop, causing the lining to shed during menstruation.

front 5

Explain how the body prevents a miscarriage from happening

back 5

The body prevents miscarriage by keeping hormone levels stable, supporting a healthy environment in the uterus, ensuring the embryo has the right genetics, and keeping the cervix closed and strong

front 6

Describe one positive feedback mechanism and one negative feedback mechanism in either male or female reproductive system

back 6

female; Positive feedback: During childbirth, oxytocin makes contractions stronger, which leads to more oxytocin release until the baby is born.

Negative feedback: In the menstrual cycle, rising estrogen and progesterone levels suppress the release of hormones that stimulate further follicle development and ovulation, helping maintain hormonal balance.

male;

Positive feedback: During ejaculation, the release of semen triggers pleasure signals in the brain, which then release more feel-good hormones, making the experience even more enjoyable.

Negative feedback: Testosterone levels are regulated by a process where high levels signal the brain to stop making hormones that produce testosterone, and low levels signal the brain to start making them again, ensuring testosterone levels stay balanced.