front 1 Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait in humans. Two people with normal color vision have a color-blind son. What are the genotypes of the parents? | back 1 XNXn and XNY |
front 2 Q: Of the following human aneuploidies, which is the one that generally has the most severe impact on the health of the individual? | back 2 A: 47, trisomy 21 |
front 3 A couple has a child with down syndrome. The mother is 39 years old at the time of delivery, which of the following is the most probable cause of the childrens condition? | back 3 the mother likely underwent nondisjunction during gamete production |
front 4 cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine? | back 4 8% |
front 5 the leading and lagging strands differ in that ____ | back 5 the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction |
front 6 what is it meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA | back 6 the 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the direction of the other strand |
front 7 what is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication | back 7 it joins Okazaki fragments together |
front 8 In the process of transcription ___ | back 8 RNA is synthesized |
front 9 Codons are part of the molecular structure of ___ | back 9 mRNA |
front 10 what does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant ? | back 10 ore than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid |
front 11 which of the following occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes | back 11 concurrent transcription and translation |
front 12 alternative RNA splicing | back 12 can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA |
front 13 A primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is ___ the functional mRNA, while a primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell is ____ the functional mRNA | back 13 larger than , the same size as |
front 14 which of the following types of mutation, resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation, is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product | back 14 a deletion of two nucleotides |
front 15 during a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks "the giraffe stretching its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result" which statement is likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception | back 15 characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes |
front 16 which of these conditions are always tree of populations evolving due to natural selection? Condition 1: the population must vary in traits that are heritable condition 2: some heritable triast must increase reproductive success condition 3: individuals pass on most traits they acquire during their lifetime. | back 16 conditions 1 and 2 |
front 17 which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population? | back 17 a genetic variation among individuals |
front 18 if darwin had been aware of genes and of their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement? | back 18 if natural selection can change one gene frequency in a population over the course of generations, then given enough time and enough genes, natural selection can cause sufficient genetic change to produce new species from old ones |
front 19 which of the following evidence most strongely supports the common origin of all life on earth? all organisms ____ | back 19 use essentially the same genetic code |
front 20 *a DNA sequence is displayed and you use a codon chart thingy to help you find out which one sequences * | back 20 phe- smth - smth - smth |
front 21 many crustaceans use their tails to swim. crabs don't use thier tail to swim. this is an example of ____ | back 21 vestigal traits |
front 22 what describes a mutuation where a single amino acid is deleted | back 22 a frame shift mutation |
front 23 telomeres have been consered for a really long time. what does this indicate | back 23 they're useful |
front 24 soon after the island of hawaii rose above the sea surface (somewhat less than one million years ago), the evolution of life on this new island should have been most strongly influenced by ___ | back 24 the founder effect |
front 25 an earthquake decimates a ground squirrel population, killing 98% of the squirrels. The surviving population happens to have broader stripes, on average, than the initial population. If the broadness of stripes is genetically determined, what effect has the ground squirrel population experienced during the earthquake | back 25 genetic bottleneck |
front 26 which of the following is the most predictable outcome of increased gene flow between two populations | back 26 decreased genetic difference between the two populations |
front 27 most swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Starlings producing fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. which of the following terms best describes this situation | back 27 stabilizing selection |
front 28 why is the climate drier on the leeward side of mountain ranges that are subjected to prevailing winds? | back 28 pushed by the prevailing winds on the windward side, air is forced to rise, cool, condense, and drop its precipitation leaving only dry air to descend the leeward side. |
front 29 the main reason polar regions are cooler than the equator is that | back 29 sunlight strikes the poles at a lower angle |
front 30 it became apparent to watson and crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the following | back 30 sequence of bases |
front 31 who puts the neurotransmitters into the synapse? A. the presynaptic membrane B. the cell body | back 31 the cell body |
front 32 why did hershey and chase use radioactive phosphorus to tag the DNA | back 32 there is phosphorus in DNA and not in proteins |
front 33 why does calico happen only in female cats | back 33 because men only have one x chromosome to tell them their hair color |
front 34 what abiotic factor would _____productivity in the ocean | back 34 light avaliability |
front 35 what surviorship curve do people in a developed country have? | back 35 type 1 |
front 36 what survivorship curve does a species have if regular amount dies each year | back 36 type 2 |
front 37 when your body is digesting organic carbohydrate or smth, what does your body do with the excess | back 37 liver stores it as glycogen |
front 38 which graph shows a population of bacteria that you grew in optimal conditions for two hours | back 38 the exponential one |
front 39 which one is a producer | back 39 the one with all the arrows pointing away |
front 40 which one can only be a primary consumer | back 40 only has ONE arrow pointing to it |
front 41 which is likely a decomposer? | back 41 the one with all the arrows pointing at it |
front 42 graph with an S like curve. Which graph represents the carrying capacity? | back 42 C |
front 43 *two graphs describing the precipitation and temperature* 1st graph: same temperature year round, lots of rain beginning of the year, dies down in the summer lots in the december. 2nd graph: cold in beginning of year, hot in summer, cold in end of year, like no rain using the two graphs above, which statement could be true | back 43 graph one is describing a tropical rainforest |
front 44 a fish goes from a river to an estuary, what is going to happen? | back 44 the one with the word osmosis is the right answer |
front 45 what would result in resource partintioning | back 45 animals with similar ecological niches |
front 46 after an animal is taken out of a ecosystem the spices number goes from 15 to 8, what was thaht animal? | back 46 a keystone species |
front 47 what describes a topdown model in a grassland ecosystem | back 47 the one with bisons grazing |
front 48 after your (some organ) takes insulin out of your blood, what happens? | back 48 your liver catalyzes glycogen |
front 49 what is true about axons | back 49 a myelinated axon will have energy travel down the axon faster than a non myelinated axon |
front 50 sodium potassium pump | back 50 taekes sodium out and pumps potassium in |
front 51 if you're lying on the couch relaxing, what systems are being activated? | back 51 sympathetic is turned off, parasympathetic is turned on |
front 52 what is a threshold? | back 52 electrical impulse string enough to open the sodium channels |
front 53 what part of the heart has the strongest push smh smh aorta? | back 53 left ventricle |
front 54 why are capillaries such low pressure A. the cross section area is smaller than veins B. the left ventricle isn't as strong as the right ventricle C. the diastole isn't strong enough to pump blood D. there are valves that slow down blood | back 54 C?? |
front 55 a group of birds go to an island that's next to a neighboring larger island, they eventually adapt to the plants and things were there and their beas change shape, 1-2 new birds fly from the nighborhing island every where, what does this do/mean a. Slows down their adaptation to the food there b. Speeds up their adaptation to the food on the island c. colonization | back 55 b? |
front 56 which graph represents a hare population that was put in an environment that also includes predators | back 56 the one that is an s curve but its real curvy at the top |
front 57 which is a characteristic of k selected populations | back 57 a) offspring with good chances of survival |
front 58 piece of dna and it has restriction enzymes l and ll, which cuts it into pieces a,b,c. if you put the DNA in a gel electrophoresis thingy, what will it look like? | back 58 C close to negtive side, A and B would be close to the positive side (A is closest to positive side because its smallest) |
front 59 something about a mating call | back 59 behavioral isolation |
front 60 H trait and T trait are not linked, if a mom is HhTt, what can one of her gametes look like | back 60 HT |
front 61 What is perisralsis | back 61 smooth muscle contractions |
front 62 why do villi have so many folds | back 62 to increase surface are and absorb more nutrients |
front 63 why do we chew food? | back 63 to increase the surface area of the molecules so that enzymes can attach more efficiently |
front 64 black (B) dominant fur color to brown (b) which is recessive. short hair (T) dominant hair length to long (t) hair which is recessive. BBtt, BbTt, if you cross those two animals what percent will have black fur, long hair | back 64 1/2 |
front 65 tick and dogs relationship | back 65 +/- |
front 66 tree and thingy that lives in tree and takes it's nutrietns, tree has no known benefits | back 66 parasitism of faciliation |
front 67 why doesn't it work if you put a mammalian piece of DNA in bacteria | back 67 bacteria can't break the guanine caps off |
front 68 the reason why different biomes show up in different altitudes iss analogous to | back 68 the latitude |
front 69 what is trye about proto-oncogene | back 69 promotes cell growth |
front 70 what is true about tumor suppressor genes | back 70 inhibits fast dividing cels or something like that |
front 71 two species in different lands have really similar characteristics that were due to the environment they're in, what does this describe? | back 71 convergent evolution |
front 72 turnips have three colors, red, white and purple. when a red and white is crossed all the babies are purple. what is this an example of? A. Codominance B. Incomplete dominance C. Multiple Alleles D. something else | back 72 C or D idk |
front 73 roan, what combination will make one red, roan, one white | back 73 roan x roan |
front 74 what is an example of polygenic inheritance | back 74 anything like ahir, skin color, height, multiple factors make up the trait |
front 75 when oen gene affects multiple things | back 75 pleiotrophy |
front 76 idk what the question was | back 76 allopatric speciation |
front 77 which phase correlates with mendels law of segregation | back 77 anaphase 1 |
front 78 what describes the phase that correlates with mendel's law of independent assortment | back 78 when the tetrads line up/ --> answer should escribe metaphase 1 |
front 79 why is it called monohybrid and dihybrid | back 79 monohybrid: crosses one trait dihybrid: crosses two traits |
front 80 what is the genotype of 11-5 (think that was the number) | back 80 ww |
front 81 for a science fair project, two students decided to repeat the hershey and chase experiemtn with modifications. they decided to label the nitrogen of the DNA, rather than the phosphate. They reasoned thate ach nucleotide has only one phosphate and two to five nitrogens. Thus labeling the nitrogens would provide a stronger signal than labeling the phosphates. why won't this experiment work? | back 81 d) Amino acids (and thus proteins) also have nitrogen atoms; thus the radioactivity would not distinguish between DNA and proteins |
front 82 hershey and chase set out to determine what molecule served as the unit of inheritance. they completed a series of experiments in which e. coli was infected by a T2 virus. which molecular component of T2 virus actually ended up inside the cell? | back 82 DNA |
front 83 which of the following helps(s) to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated? | back 83 d) single stranded DNA binding proteins |
front 84 a new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because ___ | back 84 DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the free 3' end |
front 85 DNA is synthesized through a process known as | back 85 semiconservative replication |
front 86 researchers found e. coli that had mutation rates one hundred times higher than normal. which of the followings is the most likely cause these results | back 86 the proofreading mechanism of DNA polymerase was not working properly. |
front 87 a single base subsitution mutuation is least likley to be deleterious whenthe base change results in | back 87 a codon that specifies the sane amino acid as the original codon |
front 88 if cell X centers meiosis, and nondisjunction of one chromosome occurs in one of its daughter cells during meiosis 2, what will be the result of the completion of meiosis? | back 88 1/4 of the gametes descended from cell X will be n + 1 , 1/4 will be n-1, and 1/2 will be n |