front 1 Hypophysiotropic hormones meaning? List out the hormones and their function? | back 1 _The hypophysiotropic hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary; they act as signals to the gland, causing it to secrete its hormones *TRH: release TSH and prolactin |
front 2 What are regulatory hormones? (from what gland?) | back 2 The three hypothalamic regulatory hormones are _thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) _luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH) _growth hormone-release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH) |
front 3 Anterior pituitary hormones? (name, target gland, feedback hormone**? | back 3 Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) -> adrenal cortex Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) -> thyroid
gland Luteinizing hormone (LH) -> testicle (make testosterone);
ovaries (estrogen, progesterone) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ->testis,
ovary Prolactin (PRL) -> breast Growth hormone (GH) -> multiple
targets |
front 4 Which ones are dimeric glycoprotein? Which ones are single peptide? | back 4 _glycoprotein: LH, FSH, TSH _ACTH, GH, PRL: single peptide |
front 5 GH stimulators? | back 5 _Sleep, exercise, stress; hypoglycemia _Amino acid, sex steroids, alpha-agonist (NE), beta blocker (propranolol) |
front 6 GH inhibitors? | back 6 _Glucose loading, stress, insulin deficiency, thyroxine deficiency _alpha-blocker (phentolamine), beta-agonist (EPI) |
front 7 Normal ranges of GH? | back 7 _GH: 0.01-1 (males), 0.01-3.5 (females) |
front 8 First test for testing method for GH? Describe the 75g glucose tolerance test for GH? (timeframes to measure, results for normal individuals, how about patients with acromegaly? | back 8 IGF-1 is the first test for assessing deficiency or excess growth during childhood _30, 60, 90, 120 mins after glucose ingestion; undetectable in normal; GH fail to suppress (or elevated) in acromegaly patients |
front 9 Gold standard for GH deficiency test? other tests (more comfortable for patients)? | back 9 _insulin induced hypoglycemia _infusion GHRH, L-arginine, oral levodopa |
front 10 Results of GH excess or pituitary tumor? (think GH as insulin antagonist) What happen when GH producing tumor before and after puberty? GH excess has cosecretion with what other hormone? | back 10 _Symptoms: glucose intolerance, diabetes, HTN, muscle+bone weakness; hypermetabolic (sweating, heat intolerance) _Before: gigantism _After: acromegaly (bony, soft-tissue overgrowth) _Cosecretion with PRL |
front 11 Definitive test for GH excess? | back 11 _GH not suppressed with glucose loading |
front 12 3 classes of agents for GH suppression? | back 12 _SS analog, dopaminergic agonist (both receptor binding and produce response), GH receptor antagonist (only binding receptor) |
front 13 Symptoms of GH deficiency syndrome? | back 13 _withdrawal, fatigue, loss of motivation, osteoporosis |
front 14 Treatment for GH deficient? | back 14 _GH replacement therapy, with recombinant human GH (expensive) |
front 15 Difference between a tropic and a direct effector hormone? Which type PRL belongs to? | back 15 _Direct hormones affect different target tissues and no single endocrine end organ (tropic hormones need to involve other endocrine glands) _PRL is a direct effector hormone |
front 16 Causes of hypopituitarism? | back 16 _Tumor (pituitary, parapituitary, hypothalamic) _Trauma, infection, infarction, infiltrative disease _Radiation therapy/surgery, immunologic _Familial, idiopathic |
front 17 Treatment of panhypopituitarism: | back 17 _Thyroxine, glucocorticoids, sex steroids |
front 18 PRL inhibitor? stimulator? | back 18 _Dopamine _stimulator is TRH, estrogens |
front 19 Cause of PRL excess? Consequence of PRL excess? | back 19 _Tumor or trauma in pituitary stalk _hypogonadism (suppression of GnRH or inhibit gonadotropin at the gonad) -> can cause osteoporosis |
front 20 Most common type of functional pituitary tumor? Symptoms? | back 20 _prolactinoma _Female (amenorrhea, infertility, galactorrhea), men (headache, vision problems, ED) |