front 1 Prenatal development | back 1 Begins with conception and ends at birth. A full-term pregnancy is typically 38 weeks. |
front 2 Germinal Period "Finding A Place To Live" | back 2 The stage of development that occurs from conception until 2 weeks |
front 3 Mitosis | back 3 a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells |
front 4 Placenta | back 4 Specialized organ, sustains the life of the embryo by transferring oxygen and nutrients, removing waste products, and after the initial months of gestation, secreting hormones that sustain the pregnancy |
front 5 embryonic Period "Organizing Space" | back 5 the development period from implantation to 8-week pregnancy, which the major organ and structures of the organism develop |
front 6 Fetal Period "Finishing Touches" | back 6 the development time period from nine weeks after conception until the birth of the child. |
front 7 Fetus | back 7 Name for developing organism from 8 weeks after fertilization to the birth of the baby |
front 8 Critical Periods | back 8 Times during which certain environmental influences can have an impact on the development of the infant |
front 9 Birth Defects | back 9 Can result from a malfunctioning gene or an environmental stimulus |
front 10 Teratogen | back 10 Any non genetic agent that produces birth defects at exposures that commonly occur. |
front 11 teratogenic agent | back 11 stress and alcohol |
front 12 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | back 12 includes physical, cognitive, and psychological abnormalities that result from consuming alcohol during pregnancy. |
front 13 Neonates | back 13 are born preferring sights and sounds that facilitate social reponsiveness |
front 14 Reflexes | back 14 Infants have a set of innate unlearned behavior patterns to help the infant to survive |
front 15 Maturation | back 15 biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by the experience |
front 16 Developmental Norms | back 16 The normal timeline of mental and physical growth and changes that occur as an entity ages |
front 17 Six Motor Milestones | back 17 Infant's muscles and nervous system mature, skills emerge |
front 18 Blooming | back 18 Period of rapid of neural growth |
front 19 Infantile Amnesia | back 19 The difficulty or inability that adults have in remembering detailed or episodic memories from early childhood, generally prior to age 3 or 4. |
front 20 Developmental Psychology | back 20 the scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age including physical, cognitive, and social development |
front 21 Cross-Sectional | back 21 Type of study in which people of different ages are examined at the same time |
front 22 Cohort Effects | back 22 systematic difference between age groups that are due to cultural changes over time |
front 23 Longitudinal | back 23 Study follows that same group of people over a period of time from months to many years in order to evaluate changes in those individuals |
front 24 Cross-sequential | back 24 Individuals in cross sectional sample are tested more than once over a specified period of time |
front 25 Erik Erikson | back 25 developmental psychologist, contended that each stage of life has its own psychosocial task, a crisis that needs resolution, to become a successful complete person |
front 26 Trust vs. Mistrust | back 26 infants must learn that adults can be trusted |
front 27 Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt | back 27 as toddlers begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on their environmental to get resullts. |
front 28 Initiative vs Guilt | back 28 At the preschool stage children are capable of initiating activities and asserting control over their world. through social interactions and play |
front 29 industry vs Inferiority | back 29 Children begin to compare themseleves to their peers, develop a sense of pride and accomplishment or feelings of inferiority/inadequacy |
front 30 Idenity Vs Role Confusion | back 30 an adolescent's main task is developing a sense of self |
front 31 Intimacy Vs Isolation | back 31 develop and maintain successful relationships with others |
front 32 Generativity vs Stagnation | back 32 Middle aged adults begin contributing to the next generation / society or little connection to others |
front 33 Ego Integrity vs Despair | back 33 People in late adulthood reflect on their lives and feel either a sense of satisfaction or a sense of failure |
front 34 Stranger Anxiety | back 34 Developmental situation in which infants become anxious and fearful around strangers, beginning by about 8 months of age |
front 35 Attachment Bond | back 35 The emotional bond between an infant and the primary caregiver, shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation |
front 36 John Bowlby | back 36 children are biologically predisposed to develop attachments to caregivers as the result of genetics |
front 37 Attachment theory | back 37 an evolutionary-based theory that suggests that infants are biologically predisposed to form attachments with primary caregivers in early life as a means to increase their likelihood of survival |
front 38 Konrad Lorenz | back 38 Theorized that if attachment was important in human survival it may be important in other species. |
front 39 Critical period | back 39 optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development |
front 40 Imprinting | back 40 the process by which certain animals from attachments during a critical period very early in life |
front 41 Harry Harlow | back 41 Psychologist, conducted studies of attachment and the importance of contact comfort using infant Rhesus monkeys in 1950s. |
front 42 Mary Ainswoth | back 42 Psychologist that found that attachment happens through a complex set of interactions between mother and infants Designed the strange situation experiments |
front 43 Secure Attachment | back 43 Behavior When Caregiver Left Baby |
front 44 Avoidant (Insecure) Attachment | back 44 Behavior When Caregiver Left Baby |
front 45 Anxious - Ambivalent Attachment | back 45 Behavior When Caregiver Left Baby |
front 46 Disorganized Attachment *Added in 1990 by colleague Mary Main | back 46 Behavior When Caregiver Left Baby |
front 47 Temperament | back 47 The characteristics and aspects of personality that we are born with -Attachment style may be the result of
temperament |
front 48 Authoritarian | back 48 Restrictive parenting style that emphasizes respect for work and effort. This style or parenting allows for little discussion or explanation of the firm controls placed on the child. |
front 49 Permissive | back 49 parenting style that is characterized by having few and inconsistent rules and a relaxed attitude to parenting that is more like a friend than a parent. |
front 50 Authoritative | back 50 parenting style that is child-centered, in that parents closely interact with their children, while maintaining high expectations for behavior and performance, as well as a firm adherence to schedules and discipline. |