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Cold War Truman-Eisenhower

front 1 DEMOBILIZATION	back 1 REDUCTION IN THE SIZE OF THE US ARMED FORCES AFTER THE WAR FROM 12 TO 3 MILLION
front 2 IRAN CRISIS	back 2 USSR REFUSED TO WITHDRAW ITS TROOPS FOR OIL RICH IRAN AFTER WW II, US ENCOURAGED THEM TO LEAVE AND PROMISED THEM OIL DRILLING RIGHTS BUT LATER BACKED IRAN IN REFUSING THIS, USSR BECAME SUSPICIOUS OF US
front 3 COLD WAR	back 3 NOT A SHOOTING WAR, BUT A BATTLE OF DIPLOMACY, PROPAGANDA AND NERVES AND THREATS OF WAR
front 4 STALIN	back 4 RUTHLESS COMMUNIST DICTATOR OF USSR WHO MURDERED MILLIONS OF HIS OWN PEOPLE AND WAS THE ENEMY OF HUMAN FREEDOM

front 5 YALTA CONFERENCE	back 5 WARTIME 1945, MEETING BETWEEN, STALIN, CHURCHILL (ENGLAND) AND FDR. STALIN PROMISED TO ALLOW FREE ELECTIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE WHICH SOVIET ARMIES NOW OCCUPIED, HE LIED
front 6 CONTAINMENT	back 6 US POLICY DESIGNED TO HALT SOVIET EXPANSIONISM (TAKING OVER LANDS) WITH FORCE IF NECESSARY, UNTIL THE USSR BECAME FRIENDLIER
front 7 GEORGE KENNAN	back 7 STATE DEPARTMENT EXPERT WHO THOUGHT UP THE CONTAINMENT POLICY
front 8 BALTIC NATIONS	back 8 ESTONIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA WERE ANNEXED (MADE PART OF) BY THE USSR AFTER THE WAR AGAINST THEIR WILL

front 9 EASTERN EUROPE	back 9 POLAND, GERMANY, HUNGARY, ROMANIA, BULGARIA, EAST CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND ALBANIA-STALIN SET UP COMMUNIST GOVERNMENTS AND TOOK AWAY ALL FREEDOMS FROM THE PEOPLE THERE. SOVIET ARMIES HAD OCCUPIED THE COUNTRIES AFTER THE WAR
front 10 SATELLITES	back 10 EAST EUROPE 1945-1989, NATIONS THAT WERE OFFICIALLY INDEPENDENT BUT CONTROLLED BY A FOREIGN POWER (USSR) ALSO CALLED "PUPPET" STATES
front 11 IRON CURTAIN	back 11 FORMER UK PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL'S TERM FOR THE USSR TAKING OVER EASTERN EUROPE AND CUTTING IT OFF FROM THE WEST (U.S. AND ITS ALLIES) AND TRYING TO EXPAND TO OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD
front 12 APPEASEMENT	back 12 PRE- WWII POLICY THAT TRIED USING DIPLOMACY TO STOP HITLER'S AGGRESSION, IT FAILED AND THE U.S. WOULD NOT USE IT WHEN DEALING WITH THE USSR

front 13 GREECE AND TURKEY	back 13 1947, FIRST AREAS WHERE THE POLICY OF CONTAINMENT WAS USED TO STOP COMMUNIST EXPANSION
front 14 TRUMAN DOCTRINE	back 14 U.S. WOULD ASSIST NATIONS FIGHTING COMMUNISM WITH MONEY AND TROOPS
front 15 MARSHALL PLAN	back 15 A PROGRAM OF MASSIVE ECONOMIC AID TO EUROPE. WE SENT $12 BILLION TO 16 WEST EUROPEAN NATIONS TO BUILD UP THEIR WAR DESTROYED ECONOMIES. IT WAS A GREAT SUCCESS AS WESTERN EUROPE GREW STRONGER AND IT HELPED INCREASE U.S. TRADE
front 16 BERLIN BLOCKADE	back 16 1948, USSR BLOCKED ALL LAND ROUTES INTO WEST BERLIN WHICH WAS DEEP IN SOVIET TERRITORY. THEY DID THIS TO FORCE THE WEST (U.S. AND ITS ALLIES) TO GET OUT OF THE 1/2 OF THE CITY THEY OCCUPIED (WEST BERLIN)

front 17 WEST	back 17 TERM FOR THE UNITED STATES AND ITS ALLIES VS. THE EAST WHICH IS THE USSR AND ITS ALLIES
front 18 BERLIN AIRLIFT	back 18 1948-1949, TRUMAN ORDERED WEST BERLIN SUPPLIED BY AIR. WARNED STALIN IF ONE U.S. SUPPLY PLANE WAS SHOT DOWN IT WOULD MEAN WAR. THE AIRLIFT LASTED A YEAR UNTIL THE RUSSIANS GAVE UP AND REOPENED THE LAND ROUTES
front 19 NATO	back 19 NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION, MILITARY ALLIANCE BETWEEN U.S. AND IT ALLIES AGAINST THE USSR, IT WAS THE FIRST PEACE TIME US ALLIANCE
front 20 WARSAW PACT	back 20 USSR AND ITS ALLIES, MILITARY PACT AGAINST NATO, IT WAS DISBANDED IN 1990 WITH THE END OF THE COLD WAR

front 21 RED CHINA	back 21 COMMUNIST REVOLUTION(CIVIL WAR)TOOK OVER CHINA IN 1949 AND TURNED IT INTO A COMMUNIST NATION
front 22 CHIANG KAI-SHEK	back 22 CORRUPT NATIONALIST LEADER OF CHINA WHO LOST THE CIVIL WAR AND FLED WITH HIS ARMY TO TAIWAN (FORMOSA) WHERE HE SET UP A NEW CHINESE GOVERNMENT WHICH THE US RECOGNIZED AS THE REAL CHINESE GOVERNMENT
front 23 MAO ZEDONG	back 23 COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONARY WHO BECAME DICTATOR OF CHINA IN 1949 AFTER A LONG, BLOODY CIVIL WAR
front 24 "LOSING CHINA"	back 24 TRUMAN WAS ATTACKED FOR NOT STOPPING THE RED TAKEOVER (IN REALITY THERE WAS LITTLE HE COULD DO), WHICH CONVINCED MANY AMERICANS THAT THERE WAS A COMMUNIST CONSPIRACY TO TAKE OVER THE WORLD

front 25 KOREA	back 25 NATION CONTROLLED BY JAPAN UNTIL 1945 WHEN IT WAS DIVIDED INTO A COMMUNIST NORTH AND INDEPENDENT SOUTH ALONG THE 38TH PARALLEL
front 26 KOREAN WAR	back 26 IN JUNE OF 1950 NORTH KOREAN COMMUNIST TROOPS INVADED SOUTH KOREA AND DEFEATED THEIR ARMIES; U.S. SENT TROOPS UNDER THE UNITED NATIONS, DEFEATED THE NORTH KOREANS AND TOOK OVER MUCH OF NORTH KOREA
front 27 CHINESE INTERVENTION	back 27 END OF 1950, CHINA ENTERED THE KOREAN WAR AND DROVE THE AMERICAN (UN) ARMIES BACK SOUTH OF THE 38TH PARALLEL
front 28 LIMITED WAR	back 28 TRUMAN'S CONCEPT OF FIGHTING THE KOREAN WAR, WITH LIMITED OBJECTIVES, NOT FIGHTING A WAR TO TOTAL VICTORY AS IN WWI AND WW II

front 29 FIRING OF MACARTHUR	back 29 U.S. COMMANDING GENERAL IN KOREA, HE GOT INTO A DISPUTE WITH TRUMAN ON HOW THE WAR SHOULD BE WON, HE BELIEVED WE SHOULD INVADE CHINA, USE THE A-BOMB AND FIGHT FOR TOTAL VICTORY, TRUMAN FIRED HIM. MANY PEOPLE IN THE U.S. AGREED WITH MACARTHUR
front 30 PANMUNJOM	back 30 PLACE WHERE A CEASEFIRE WAS SIGNED ON JULY 27, 1953 ENDING THE KOREAN WAR, ENDED IN A TIE OR STALEMATE NOTHING CHANGED