front 1 Era 2 | back 1 (250,000 years ago - 3,000 BCE) Longest era in human history (about 95 percent of human existence) most unknown era |
front 2 (2) Cognitive Revolution | back 2 the dramatic change in the way humans thought/ communicated started to use art, language, and symbols to communicate more complex ideas |
front 3 (2) Collective learning | back 3 the ability to share information so ideas can be shared throughout communities and eventually generations |
front 4 (2) Homo Sapiens | back 4 anatomically modern humans |
front 5 (2) Paleolithic Age | back 5 began 2 -2.5 million years ago and ended 10,000 years ago use of primitive tools for the first time OLD STONE AGE |
front 6 (2) foragers | back 6 humans that get their food by hunting/gathering went to look for food and water |
front 7 (2) hunters and gatherers | back 7 someone who got their food based on foraging, hunting or fishing |
front 8 (2) bands | back 8 a small group of people or small society/community. |
front 9 (2) migration | back 9 moving from one place to another |
front 10 (2) animism | back 10 belief that plants, animals and inanimate objects have spirits that can help or harm humans |
front 11 (2) Neolithic Age | back 11 final stage of cultural evolution started around the years the Paleolithic Age ended (around 8000 BCE) was the start of farming and domestication of animals allowed humans to settle down into one place |
front 12 (2) farmers | back 12 some one who grows crops and takes care of animals for production |
front 13 (2) surplus | back 13 after all the needs have been met, there is extra of something |
front 14 (2) job specialization | back 14 people performed specific tasks because of the development of farming could now spend time withe the development of new jobs such as artisans, merchants, soldiers, priests and etc. |
front 15 (2) class divisions | back 15 where there were different levels of wealth and power between a community |
front 16 Era 3 | back 16 (6,000 BCE - 600 CE) Humans began to produce food, social organization, and interact over longer distances created civilizations and cities |
front 17 (3) villages | back 17 group of houses and buildings in a rural area |
front 18 (3) cities | back 18 centers or power, manufacturing, and creativity (era 3) varied in form and function (2250 BCE there were 8 cities with 30,000 people and in 1200 BCE there were 16 cities) hard to maintain and create because of outside forces and labor |
front 19 (3) states | back 19 a centralized system of government and command created kings, queens, high officials, priests and generals that also had control over the general public. innovations in food and sharing, as well as technology |
front 20 (3) civilization | back 20 larger and denser than the farming populations of the Neolithic Era big concentrations of people as complex societies or civilizations |
front 21 (3) Mesopotamia | back 21 First place where farming developed also where the worlds first/earliest civilization developed |
front 22 (3) empire | back 22 a group of states or countries under a single powerful ruler (emperor and empress) |
front 23 (3) government | back 23 the governing body of a nation, state or community |
front 24 (3) legal codes | back 24 a collection of laws gathered together covering a subject |
front 25 (3) hierarchy | back 25 a system where people/groups are organized into level based on status and wealth led to patriachy |
front 26 (3) trade | back 26 the action of buying/selling goods and services |
front 27 (3) merchants | back 27 a person who trades goods/services usually from foreign countries |
front 28 (3) writing | back 28 using letters/alphabet to communicate thoughts/ideas |
front 29 (3) belief systems | back 29 a set of ideals or principals that for the basis of religion, philosophy and moral code came from the development of a new system of writing |
front 30 (3) portable religion | back 30 allowed goods, ideas to be spread could be transported to different regions, religious practices could now happen anywhere at anytime, usually aided by religious scripture |
front 31 (3) Eurasia | back 31 Europe and Asia where many early and powerful civilizations were made |
front 32 (3) AfroEurasia | back 32 Africa Europe and Asia where many civilizations were made |
front 33 Era 4 | back 33 Regional webs + long distance commerce (200 CE - 1500 CE) contained many great empires until 300 or 400 CE city-states, kingdoms, and empires consolidation of religions |
front 34 (4) Mayan Empire | back 34 started as early as 1500 BCE practiced agriculture by 200 CE they were more advanced and in cities and larger communities the culture seemed to end around 900 CE unknown why |
front 35 (4) Roman Catholic | back 35 one of the main religions that developed in Era 4 universal religon A branch of christianity universalizing |
front 36 (4) Jewish Diaspora | back 36 Romans drove Jewish people out of the land they lived in Babylonian Exile that conquered the kingdom of Judah and then removed the Jewish people from their lands destruction of Jerusalem spread their culture around the world |
front 37 (4) Silk Road | back 37 caravan trade silks cottons spices tea horses ceramic wares and other things shared ideas and beliefs as well as new products and technology |
front 38 Era 5 | back 38 1200 CE - 1750 CE great expansion of global networks that linked communities across the world 5 key transformations in this era 1) societies expanded networks and interacted on a larger scale (of people) 2) Columbian Exchange 3) creation of a global economy 4) Europe rises to a high status in military and political power 5) Intellectual developments |
front 39 (5) Protestant Reformation | back 39 happened in the 1500's (1517) Because of Martin Luther separated from the church because of different beliefs in the doctrine |
front 40 (5) Martin Luther | back 40 Began the Protestant Reformation b/c he challenged the Catholic Church German teacher and Monk Changed the christian religion forever |
front 41 (5) printing press | back 41 a machine that uses ink to transfer images and pictures onto paper created as early as 14th century and used greatly in Europe in the 15th century |
front 42 (5) Scientific revolution | back 42 caused the world to think more about nature and human nature Took place during the 16th and 17th century changed the way the humans thought about nature and religion, and took a more "practical" way of thinking (scientific method) |
front 43 (5) Issac Newton | back 43 B - December 25, 1642 [January 4, 1643] D - March 20 [March 31], 1727 (84 Years) Mathematician and physicist talked about light and gravity and colors |
front 44 (5) Enlightenment | back 44 1600-1700 in France and England new ideas on how people should be governed and various ideas of the "social contract" and how governments an it's subjects should interact inspired revolutions (US FRANCE etc. more secular governments + more republics |
front 45 (5) coffee house | back 45 in history they were used to have heated debates during Enlightenment men were welcome women were banned (usually) |
front 46 (5) social contract theory | back 46 means that people live together in society in agreement that established political and social norms (of behavior) |
front 47 (5) Thomas Hobbes | back 47 thought that people were naturally evil, so an absolute ruler is needed to control them *strong ruler to control* (HOBBES)olute value |
front 48 (5) John Locke | back 48 believed people were made by their experiences so a better society/government = better people 3 basic/natural rights - life liberty and property -> if u don't get u have the right to have a coup d'teat LOCK(E) in those basic rights |
front 49 (5) natural rights | back 49 rights that are not dependent on any laws or related to the government (bylaws) |
front 50 (5) Divine Rights of Kings | back 50 a political document that defends monarchical absolutism thought to show how kings got their right to rule from the God |
front 51 (5) Columbian Exchange | back 51 exchange of plants, animals and microorganisms linked the two hemispheres (New World and the Old World) |
front 52 (5) colonies | back 52 a group of people of one nationality or ethnic group living in a foreign city or country. |
front 53 (5) Triangular trade | back 53 trade between the America and Afro - Eurasia Americas gave Europe raw materials and good Europe gave Africa manufactured goods (GUNS) Africa gave the Americas slaves |
front 54 (5) Transatlantic Slave Trade | back 54 Part of the Triangular trade Where people would take people out of Africa and enslaved them to be sent to the Americas to perform coerced labor or forced labor to produce crops and other products that would bring Europe and the American colonies money |
front 55 (5) Great Dying | back 55 where much of the indigenous population was wiped out from diseases brought from the Columbian Exchange caused Europeans to bring over slaves from aAfrica because they had benefits that Indigenous people did not |
front 56 (5) demographics | back 56 statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it. |