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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

68 notecards = 17 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Axial skeleton

front 1

forearm

back 1

any hole in a bone

front 2

fossa

back 2

shallow depression in bone

front 3

tubercle

back 3

rough raised surface of bone

front 4

tuberosity

back 4

large rough raised surface of bone

front 5

trochanter bone

back 5

prominent feature found only on femur

front 6

canal bone

back 6

deep hole through a thick piece pf bone

front 7

spine bone

back 7

sharp bone projecting from bone

front 8

line bone

back 8

slightly raised elevation on bone

front 9

ridge bone

back 9

higher raised elevation of bone

front 10

fissure bone

back 10

hole or crack on bone

front 11

condyle bone

back 11

rounded surface involved articulation of two bone

front 12

facet bone

back 12

flat surface of bone involve a joint

front 13

axial skeleton

back 13

skull

hyoid bone

auditory bones

vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx)

thorax (sternum, ribs)

front 14

skull is composed of :

back 14

cranial and facial bones

front 15

cranial bones

back 15

8 bones surround the brain

front 16

unpaired cranial bones

back 16

ethmoid, frontal, occipital, and sphenoid bones

front 17

paired cranial bones

back 17

parietal and temporal bones

front 18

facial bones

back 18

14 bones that form the face and no brain contact

front 19

unpaired facial bones

back 19

vomer and mandible bones

front 20

paired facial bones

back 20

maxillae, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic,
palatine, and inferior nasal conchae bones

front 21

sutures

back 21

immovable joints btw skull bones

goes away with aging , commonly small

front 22

coronal suture

back 22

junction btw frontal and parietal bones

front 23

lambdoid suture

back 23

junction btw occipital and parietal bones

front 24

sagittal suture

back 24

junction btw parietal bones

front 25

squamous suture

back 25

junction btw temporal and parietal bones

front 26

2 movable bones in the skull

back 26

ossicles and mandible

front 27

the cranial fossae

back 27

depression in a bone

front 28

The floor of the cranial cavity contains three cranial fossae (floors)

back 28

• Anterior cranial fossa (frontal lobes)
• Middle cranial fossa (temporal lobes)
• Posterior cranial fossa (cerebellum)

front 29

the bones of the orbit (eye socket)

back 29

• Frontal
• Lacrimal
• Ethmoid
• Sphenoid
• Maxilla
• Zygomatic
• Palatine

front 30

nasal cavity

back 30

partially cartilage

passage for air during breathing

front 31

bones of nasal cavity

back 31

• Maxilla
• Ethmoid
• Lacrimal
• Palatine
• Vomer
• Inferior Nasal Conchae

front 32

Paranasal Sinuses

back 32

Air-filled spaces in skull bones around nasal cavity

front 33

oral cavity:

back 33

mouth

• Maxillae
• Palatine
• Teeth
• Mandible
• Hyoid bone

front 34

frontal bone:

back 34

form the forehead and the root of the orbit

Frontal sinuses

front 35

parietal bones

back 35

four sided bones

forms roof and sides of the cranium

front 36

parietal is Connected to other bones with various
sutures:

back 36

1. Coronal suture
2. Lambdoid suture
3. Sagittal suture
4. Squamous suture

front 37

occipital bone

back 37

Forms back of the head and the majority of the
base of the cranium
• Foramen magnum - spinal cord vertebral +spinal arteries

occipital condyles -Articulate with the 1st cervical vertebrae

front 38

temporal bones

back 38

Form the inferior lateral portion of the
cranium
• Also forms a portion of the cranial floor

front 39

key features of the temporal bones

back 39

1. Zygomatic Process
2. Styloid process
3. Mastoid process
4. External Auditory Meatus
5. Internal Auditory Meatus
6. Carotid Canal
7. Jugular Foramen

front 40

sphenoid bone

back 40

butterfly shaped , mid base of skull , houses pituitary glands

Attachment for muscles of
mastication

front 41

ethmoid bones

back 41

delicate bone btw the orbits

front 42

perpendicular plate

back 42

superior nasal septum

front 43

cribriform plate

back 43

• Anterior floor of cranium and roof of nasal cavity
• Contains olfactory foramina
• CN I
• Superior projection: crista galli
• Attachment for falx cerebri

front 44

bones of the face

back 44

1. nasal bone - near the nose

2. palatine bone - roof of mouth

3. inferior nasal conchae - covered with mucosa - filters air

4. vomer - triangle floor of the nasal cavity

5. lacrimal bones - smallest bone of face gathers tears

6. zygomatic bones - check bones -Attachment of muscles of mastication and facial expression

7. maxilla - upper jaw

8. mandible - lower jawbone largest

front 45

parts of the mandible bone

back 45

body- mental foramen

rami- mandibular foramen

Condylar process
Coronoid process

front 46

the ossicles

back 46

• Bones of the middle ear
• Malleus, Incus, Stapes
• Found within the temporal bone
• Transmit and amplify vibrations
from tympanic membrane (ear
drum) to cochlea (inner ear)

front 47

the hyoid bone

back 47

small u shaped inferior to mandible

not connected to other bones

supports the mouth and neck muscles

front 48

the vertebral column

back 48

• 26 vertebra
• Cervical 7
• Thoracic 12
• Lumbar 5
• Sacrum 1 (fused)
• Coccyx 1 (fused)
• Intervertebral discs
• 25% of height of column
• Avascular
• Two parts
• Annulus fibrosus: fibrocartilage (in a ring around the outside)
• Nucleus pulposus: soft, mucoid substance (center)

front 49

function of the vertebral column

back 49

• Encloses and protects spine (nervous tissue)
• Supports head
• Attachment point for ribs, pelvis, and muscles of the back, upper
and lower limbs
• Balance and shock absorption

front 50

structure of the vertebral column

back 50

Functions to maintain balance while upright, absorb shocks, protection from fracture

Convex (secondary curves)
• Cervical
• Lumbar
• Concave (primary curves)
• Thoracic
• Sacral

front 51

Kyphosis: “Hunchback

back 51

• Increase in thoracic curve
• Seen in the elderly due to degeneration of
intervertebral discs

front 52

Lordosis “Swayback”

back 52

• Increase in lumbar curve
• Due to increased weight of abdomen
• Common in pregnancy

front 53

Scoliosis

back 53

• Lateral bending
• Often in thoracic region
• May be congenital

front 54

Herniated Discs

back 54

Often seen in the lumbar region of the vertebral
column
• Annulus fibrosis can be weakened and rupture
• Leads to protrusion of the nucleus
pulposus→herniated disc
• May press on spinal nerves, resulting in pain

front 55

A “Typical” Vertebra

back 55

Processes
• Transverse (2)
• Spinous (1)
• Superior articular (2)
• Inferior articular (2)
• Vertebral foramen/canal
• Intervertebral foramen

front 56

cervical

back 56

• Flatter and smaller
• Smaller bodies and larger vertebral canals
• Additional hole (transverse foramen) for
vertebral artery (blood supply to brain)

front 57

thoracic

back 57

• Larger than cervical, smaller than lumbar
• Additional facets

front 58

lumbar

back 58

Largest of vertebrae with smallest vertebral canal

front 59

C1 atlas

back 59

• Ring of bone
• No vertebral body or spinous process
• Articulates with occipital condyles to make atlanto-
occipital joint
• Allows to nod head “yes”

front 60

C2 axis

back 60

• Dens: process which atlas rotates around
• Allows to shake head “no”
• Atlanto-axial joint

front 61

sacrum

back 61

• Fusion of five vertebrae
• Foundation for pelvic girdle
• Sacral canal

front 62

coccyx

back 62

Termination of vertebral column
• 3-5 fused vertebrae
• Fusion complete between 20-30 years old
• “Vestigial Tail”

front 63

thoracic cage

back 63

Bony frame around chest composed of:
• Thoracic vertebrae posteriorly
• Ribs laterally
• Sternum anteriorly
• Protects heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, and other thoracic organ

front 64

12 pairs of ribs

back 64

Articulate posteriorly with thoracic
vertebrae

front 65

true ribs

back 65

Ribs 1-7
• Connect to sternum via cartilage

front 66

false ribs

back 66

Ribs 8-10
• Connect via shared cartilage

front 67

floating ribs

back 67

Ribs 11-12
• Do not join sternum at al

front 68

sternum

back 68

The “breastbone” in anterior midline
• Three parts
• Manubrium
• Attachment of clavicle & first ribs
• Body
• Attachment of ribs 2 to 10
• Xiphoid process
• Sharp point of bone
• Attachment for some anterior abdominal muscles