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31 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

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AP Bio Module 24+25 vocab

front 1

cell division

back 1

process by which cells make more cells

front 2

binary fission

back 2

one prokaryotic cell divides to produce two daughter cells

front 3

steps of binary fission

back 3

  1. DNA is attached to cell membrane
  2. DNA is copied
  3. DNA molec. attached to cell membrane
  4. cell elongates/separate DNA attachment sites
  5. new call membrane and walls are synthesized
  6. two daughter cells formed

front 4

asexual reproduction

back 4

production of organisms where offspring inherits DNA from a single parent

front 5

mitosis

back 5

division of nucleus

front 6

cytokinsis

back 6

division of cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells

front 7

chromosomes

back 7

cellular structure in eukaryotes and prokaryotes that consist of single DNA molec.

front 8

cell cycle

back 8

period from when production of a new cell to the time it divides

front 9

m phase

back 9

parent cell divides into 2 daughter cells

front 10

interphase

back 10

copying DNA and cell growth, broken into 3 phases

front 11

g1 phase

back 11

cell prepares for DNA replication

front 12

s phase

back 12

DNA molec. copied

front 13

g2 phase

back 13

cell prepares for M phase (size and protein content of the cell increases)

front 14

sister chromatids

back 14

DNA in chromosome duplicated into 2 identical copies

front 15

centromere

back 15

constrictly holds together sister chromatids

front 16

g0 phase

back 16

cells that are not actively dividing

front 17

chromatin

back 17

highly organized complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins in chromosomes

front 18

prophase

back 18

1st stage of mitosis

front 19

mitotic spindle

back 19

groups of fibers made up of microtubules pull chromosomes to opposite ends of dividing cell

front 20

cntrosome

back 20

in animal cells, the mitotic spindle radiates outward

front 21

prometaphase

back 21

nuclear envelope breaks down and mitotic spindle attaches to the chromosomes

front 22

kinetochores

back 22

two protein complexes associated with the centromere of each chromosome

front 23

metaphase

back 23

when chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the dividing cell

front 24

anaphase

back 24

next stage of mitosis, sister chromatids separate

front 25

telophase

back 25

cell prepares for its division into 2 new cells

front 26

cancer

back 26

mechanisms in cell division fails = death of cell or uncontrolled cell division

front 27

cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)

back 27

activity depends on binding cyclins, allows cell cycle to progress

front 28

checkpoint

back 28

the activity required for the next step and pauses the cell cycle until preparations are complete or damage is repaired

front 29

DNA replication

back 29

duplicating a DNA molec.

front 30

apoptosis

back 30

cells that are programmed to die

front 31

p53 protein

back 31

DNA damaged by radiation activated that phosphorylates a protein