front 1 (1) a scientists work usually begins with | back 1 an observation |
front 2 (1) characteristics of life | back 2 1) Are made up of basic units called cells 2) Are based on a universal genetic code DNA and RNA 3) Grow, develop, and reproduce 4) Obtain and use materials, energy, and excrete waste 5) maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) 6) respond to their external environment as they mature 7) changes over time leading to evolutionary changes |
front 3 (2) adhesion | back 3 attraction to different things |
front 4 (2) cohesion | back 4 attraction to the same things |
front 5 (2) covalent bond | back 5 shared electrons |
front 6 (2) energy shell | back 6 location of electrons on an atom |
front 7 (2) inorganic molecule | back 7 not carbon based |
front 8 (2) ion | back 8 charged atom |
front 9 (2) ionic bond | back 9 transferred elections |
front 10 (2) isotope | back 10 atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons |
front 11 (2) organic molecule | back 11 carbon based |
front 12 (2) solution | back 12 combination of solute and solvent (saltwater) |
front 13 (2) valence electron | back 13 electrons on the outer shell |
front 14 (2) properties of water | back 14 1) Universal solvent 2) less dense as a solid than a liquid 3) polar b/c of uneven sharing of electron 4) adhesion (hydrogen bonds) cohesion and capillary action are related 5) surface tension 6) evaporation |
front 15 (2) Acid release | back 15 H+ |
front 16 (2) bases release | back 16 OH- |
front 17 nucleus of an atom | back 17 proton and neutron |
front 18 atomic number | back 18 protons and/or electrons |
front 19 atomic mass | back 19 protons + neutrons |
front 20 dehydration synthesis | back 20 as a bond is formed between two monomers, a molecule of water is lost |
front 21 hydrolysis | back 21 as you add a molecule of water, the bond between two monomers is broken |
front 22 role of carbs in the body | back 22 main source of energy, structure and storage of excess sugar |
front 23 plasma membrane | back 23 cell membrane |
front 24 nucleolus | back 24 where ribosomes are made |
front 25 ribosome | back 25 a non-membrane bound organelle (prokaryote and eukaryote) creates proteins and is attached to the rough ER |
front 26 cytoplasm | back 26 jelly that fills the inside of a cell |
front 27 active transport | back 27 when molecules move across the membrane from [L]->[H] protein pump energy needed |
front 28 passive transport | back 28 when molecules diffuse across the membrane from [H]->[L] no energy needed |
front 29 plasmolyze | back 29 when plant leaves an animal cell from a hypertonic environment shrinks |
front 30 turgid | back 30 when water enters a plant cell from a hypotonic environment won't pop b/c of the cell wall |
front 31 crenate | back 31 when water leaves an animal cell from a hypertonic environment shrinks |
front 32 lyse | back 32 when water enters an animal cell from a hypotonic environment - will pop |
front 33 facilitated diffusion | back 33 passive transport has a channel protein ex) aquaporin and H2O |
front 34 endocytosis | back 34 bringing in contents into the cell via veslicles |
front 35 exocytosis | back 35 removing contents of the cell via vesicles |
front 36 cell membrane | back 36 all cells have a cell membrane selectively permeable and maintains homeostasis |
front 37 cell wall | back 37 a layer that offers protection and shape (ONLY FOR PLANT) |
front 38 chloroplast | back 38 makes glucose from light (photosynthesis) green b/c pf chlorophyll |
front 39 cytoskeleton | back 39 provides structure and support and is made of fiber complex |
front 40 mitochondria | back 40 makes ATP with cellular respiration runs on glucose needs oxygen to make ATP efficiently |
front 41 nucleus | back 41 holds genetic material (DNA) contains the nucleolus controls the cells activity |
front 42 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | back 42 detoxification(liver contains smooth ER) can make types of lipids |
front 43 rough endoplasmic reticulum | back 43 has ribosomes attached to it protein producing and transporting pinching off vesicle that surrounds ER and pinches off the proteins |
front 44 Golgi apparatus | back 44 ultimate packaging center receives and distributes molecules modifies or sorts proteins to be sent outside the cell |
front 45 lysosome | back 45 breaks downs and recycles macromolecules |
front 46 vacuole | back 46 storage of materials (water and minerals) plant= one large vacuole animal= many small vacuole |
front 47 vesicle | back 47 membrane bound package that transports molecules in and out of the cell |
front 48 centrioles | back 48 organize cell division |
front 49 ATP ADP +P | back 49 (TP) stores energy - a phosphate group attached to ADP to produce ATP (TP)releases energy - by breaking the bond between the second and the third phosphate group (TP) produced by food (DP) inactive form of energy |
front 50 photosynthesis | back 50 the process for plants to use sunlight to make food energy |
front 51 light dependent reaction | back 51 makes ATP and NADPH from water and sunlight in the thylakoids |
front 52 light independent reaction (calvin cycle) | back 52 uses CO2 and ATP + NADPH to make glucose in the stroma |
front 53 NADPH | back 53 a high energy electron carrier comes from NATP+ which then holds and accepts two high energy electrons and H+ which makes NADPH this conversion helps build molecules such as carbs and glucose |
front 54 Electron transport chain | back 54 where excited or charged electrons move through to make NADPH |
front 55 how is energy released from ATP | back 55 the last bond of the phospholipids is broken through hydrolysis |
front 56 chlorophyll | back 56 pigment in plants that absorb light |
front 57 pigament | back 57 chemical compounds that reflect certain waves of light |
front 58 how do plants gather energy | back 58 Chlorophyll is a light absorbing molecule that uses sunlight to excite electrons |
front 59 electron carrier molecules | back 59 NADPH NADP+ |
front 60 light dependent reaction | back 60 in-> ADP , NADP+ , H2O out-> ATP NADPH O2 |
front 61 light independent reaction | back 61 in-> ATP, NADP +, CO2 out->ADP, NADP+, glucose |