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71 notecards = 18 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

[Biomech Final] Missed Old Questions

front 1

Motion of Erector Spinae group activated: unilaterally

back 1

  • flexion (ipsilateral): lateral
  • rotation: cervical, thoracic spine and lumbar spines

front 2

Motion of Erector Spinae group activated: bilaterally

back 2

  • extension: back and head
  • Forward flexion: thorax

front 3

Roles of transverse + spinous processes

back 3

  • points of attachment (muscle + ligaments)
  • leverage: cervical and upper thoracic musculature

front 4

Roles of apophyseal joint

back 4

  • resist intervertebral shear force + intervertebral compressive force

front 5

Role of intervertebral discs

back 5

  • allow movement/mobility between adjacent vertebral bodies
  • absorb shock
  • transmit loads through the vertebral column
  • supporting structure: hold spine together

front 6

Roles of ligamentous structures

back 6

  • prevents them from bending, twisting or tearing
  • hold the vertebrae together
  • stabilize the spine
  • protect the discs

front 7

TRUE/FALSE: apopseal joints have roll/side

back 7

FALSE

front 8

nocebo

back 8

  • describes the effects of negative expectancies
  • you think you'll snap your back = belief will make it easier to do so (even if impossible)

front 9

Deep layer of posterior trunk muscles

back 9

  1. transverspinal muscle
  2. intrinsic muscles
  3. erectors spinae group
  4. short segmental group

front 10

Roles of axial skeleton

back 10

  • provides support and cushioning
    • brain, spinal cord and organs in your body

front 11

What motion if right external oblique and left intrinsic oblique is activated?

back 11

  • lateral rotation: turns trunk to left

front 12

Why is flexion torque production is LESS than trunk extension torque?

back 12

  • ligament prevent spine from collapsing on internal organs

front 13

Average angle and mvt affect?

Lumbar

back 13

  • 50* flexion
  • counteracts BW load

front 14

Average angle and mvt affect?

Cervical

back 14

  • 80*-90* flexion+rotatio
  • look up/down and right/left

front 15

Average angle and mvt affect?

Thoracic

back 15

  • 30-35* rotation
  • HIGH lateral rotation

front 16

The Six Kinematic Principles 1

back 16

  • scapulohumeral rhythm = active simultaneous of 180 degrees
    • 120 degrees of glenohumeral (GH) joint abduction
    • 60 degrees scapulothoracic upward rotation

front 17

The Six Kinematic Principles 2

back 17

  • 60 degrees of upward rotation of the scapula during full shoulder abduction
    • simultaneous

front 18

The Six Kinematic Principles 3

back 18

  • clavicle retracts at the sternoclavicular joint(SC) during shoulder abduction

front 19

The Six Kinematic Principles 4

back 19

scapular posteriorly tilts & externally rotates (@full shoulder abduction)

front 20

The Six Kinematic Principles 5

back 20

clavicle posteriorly rotates around OWN axis @shoulder abduction

front 21

The Six Kinematic Principles 6

back 21

GH joint externally rotates during shoulder abduction

front 22

muscle for scpulathoracic protraction

back 22

serratus anterior

front 23

roles of transverse carpal ligament

back 23

  • pulley for the flexor tendons
  • anchoring the thenar and hypothenar muscles
  • stabilizing the bony structure
  • wrist proprioception

front 24

role of extensor reticulum

back 24

  • prevent dorsal bowstringing of the extensor tendons
  • prevent radial and ulnar displacement of extensor tendons

front 25

arthokinematics: proximal carpal bones on distal

back 25

concave on convex

front 26

why is wrist flexion and ulnar deviation greater than extension and radial deviation?

back 26

  • ulnocarpal space offers little resistance to the path of ulnar deviation
  • distally projecting styloid process of the radius blocks the extremes of radial deviation.

front 27

Role of the IOM

back 27

  • longitudinal and transversal stability of the forearm
    • prevent lateral compression
  • aid with transfering forces from radius to ulna (distracting force)

front 28

Bones of hand

back 28

  1. Phalanges.
  2. Metacarpal bones
  3. Carpal bones.

front 29

AROM of hand

back 29

  1. finger motion (A-D)
  2. thumb motion (E-I)
    1. finger adduction // thumb flexion // thumb exension
  3. Thumb abduction
  4. Thumb adduction
  5. thumb opposition

front 30

Joints of hand

back 30

  1. Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP)
  2. Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP Joint) ...
  3. Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP joint)
  4. Carpometacarpal Joint (CMC Joint)

front 31

Bones of wrist

back 31

  1. distal forearm
  2. carpal bones
  3. carpal tunnel

front 32

What is better: static friction or dynamic friction?

back 32

dynamic friction

front 33

When is velocity zero?

back 33

At max height or apex

front 34

Why does speed kill?

back 34

  • Creates an overall increased value of kinetic energy because velocity is already squared

front 35

What is bone stronger against?

back 35

compression

front 36

what is bone weaker against?

back 36

shear force

front 37

What determines stretch?

back 37

  • GTO
  • muscle spindles

front 38

Why is bone density not best through endurance?

back 38

  • slower and longer speed = bone becomes desensitized to repetition loading
  • can increase the load

front 39

What are class 1 levers?

back 39

  • HUGE output force + SMALL distance

front 40

What are class 3 levers?

back 40

  • LOW output force = HUGE distance

front 41

Shear stain curve points

back 41

  1. Elastic Limit/strain
  2. Yield point
  3. Lower Yield point/plastic region
  4. Ultimate strength
  5. Rupture strength/fracture/injury

front 42

HIP: why is slight anterior convexity important?

back 42

Achieve neutral alignment of the pelvis for weight bearing on the ITs

front 43

Inominate bones

back 43

  1. illium
  2. ishium
  3. pubis

front 44

muscles of ischial tubular

back 44

  1. hamstring
  2. adductor magnus

front 45

Femor on pelvis

back 45

  • Femur: RAISES to meet ilium in sagittal plane

front 46

Pelvis on femur

back 46

  • Pelvis TILTS ANTERIORLY to meet femur in sagittal plane

front 47

What structures aid in medial stability?

back 47

  1. MCL
  2. Gracillius

front 48

What structures aid in lateral stability?

back 48

  1. LCL
  2. IT Band

front 49

What muscles attaches to the ischial tuberosities?

back 49

  1. adductor
  2. hamstring

front 50

How does hip adductors help with hip flexion and extension?

back 50

  1. pass in front and behind medial-lateral axis

front 51

Internal rotation of knee (what do tibia and femur does?)

back 51

  1. Tibia (IR)
  2. Femur (ER)

front 52

Roll slide of tibia on fibula mvt

back 52

concave on convex

front 53

"evolute" axis of femur

back 53

  • The curved path of the axis/ medial-lateral axis of rotation
  • flexion + extension is not fixed,
    • migrates within the femoral condyles.

front 54

Knee joint compartment

back 54

  1. lateral+tibiofemoral joint
  2. patellofemoral joint

front 55

____ attached to tibial tuberosity

back 55

  • quad/patellar tendon

front 56

Main roll of knee

back 56

  • INCREASE stability
  • soft tissue > boney anatomy

front 57

Roll slide of Femur on Pelvis

FLEX/EXT

back 57

SPIN

front 58

Roll slide of Femur on Pelvis

ABduction

back 58

  • ROLL: superior
  • SLIDE: inferior

front 59

Roll slide of Femur on Pelvis

ADduction

back 59

  • ROLL: inferior
  • SLIDE: superior

front 60

Roll slide of Femur on Pelvis

Internal Rotation

back 60

  • ROLL: anterior
  • SLIDE: posterior

front 61

Roll slide of Femur on Pelvis

External Rotation

back 61

  • ROLL: posterior
  • SLIDE: anterior

front 62

Role slide of tibial on talar

back 62

concave on convex

front 63

How shape of the talus help ankle stability?

back 63

  • wedge shape
    • UP compression force
    • UP stability pf TC joint in dorsiflexion

front 64

What makes the subtalar joint?

back 64

  1. calcaneus
  2. talus

front 65

What makes up the "mortise+tendon" joint?

back 65

  1. fibula
  2. tibula
  3. talus

front 66

3 parts of the foot

back 66

  1. front
  2. mid
  3. rear

front 67

Windland mechanism

back 67

  • how the plantar fascia supports the foot during weight-bearing activities
    • arching the foot // not let it collapse too much

front 68

Pennation Angle

back 68

  • Angle of orientation between muscle fibers & tendon
  • 0 degrees = 100% of force transfer; 30 degrees = 86%
  • *most human muscle has pennation angles between 0 & 30 degrees*

front 69

Force-Velocity Curve

back 69

  • HIGH FORCE = eccentric
  • LOW VELOCITY = concentric

front 70

  • Iliopsoas:

back 70

  • hip flexor with femur-on-pelvis (hang leg raise) or pelvis-on-femur (sit-ups), lateral flexion, vertical stabilizer (trunk)

front 71

Quadratus Lumborum

back 71

  • control of pelvis, extensor of lumbar (bilaterally), flexor of LR (unilaterally)