front 1 raises serum cholesterol | back 1 trans fat |
front 2 are fats in the diet | back 2 lipids |
front 3 are the predominant form of fat in food and the major storage form of fat in the body | back 3 Triglycerides |
front 4 is a fat-like substance found only in animal products. | back 4 Cholesterol |
front 5 affects visual acuity, skin and mucous membranes, and immune function | back 5 Vitamin A |
front 6 provides calcium and phosphorus metabolism and stimulates calcium absorption | back 6 Vitamin D |
front 7 is an antioxidant that protects Vitamin A | back 7 Vitamin E |
front 8 helps the synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting. | back 8 Vitamin K |
front 9 Provide most of the body’s energy & fiber 45-65% of total calories for adult Classified as complex and simple (1g=4cal) | back 9 Carbohydrates |
front 10 Needed for healing & growth Soy is the only complete plant protein 0.8g/kg of body weight or 10-35% of total calories (1g=4cal) | back 10 protein |
front 11 Insoluble in water & blood Intake is 35% of total calories Saturated – raises cholesterol (animal fats) Unsaturated – lowers cholesterol (vegetable fats) (1g=9cal) | back 11 Fats |
front 12 Gastrostomy, jejunostomy, nasoduodenal, nasojejunal , Long term, Requires surgery, Complication: diarrhea 3x or more in a 24hr period, Gastrostomy is the preferred route for enteral nutrition for coma patients | back 12 Tube feedings |
front 13 Naogastic Short term , Confirm placement – X Ray, #1 complication – Aspiration, Prevention: Elevate head of the bed for an hour after feedings | back 13 NG Tube feedings |
front 14 intravenous feedings, requires a central line, Complications: infection, metabolic alterations, fluid & electrolyte, imbalances, phlebitis, hyperlipidemia, liver and gallbladder disease. | back 14 TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition): |
front 15 may be ordered if you’re eating normal but still have malnutrition | back 15 PPN (Partial Parenteral Nutrition): |
front 16 nothing by mouth | back 16 NPO |
front 17 nothing floating in it, no dairy | back 17 Clear liquids |
front 18 same as clear + dairy & juices | back 18 Full liquids |
front 19 pureed meats, fruits, & scrambled eggs | back 19 Pureed |
front 20 diced or ground foods | back 20 Mechanical soft |
front 21 low in fiber, easy to digest (ex. Dairy, eggs, ripe bananas) | back 21 Soft/low residue |
front 22 whole grains, raw & dried fruits | back 22 High fiber |
front 23 no added salt, under 2g/day | back 23 Low Na |
front 24 no more than 300 mg/day | back 24 Low cholesterol |
front 25 bout 1800cal per day (proteins, fats, and carbs) | back 25 Diabetic |
front 26 pureed food & thickened liquids (DO NOT delegate first feed) | back 26 Dysphagia |
front 27 no restrictions | back 27 Regular |
front 28 increased % of water | back 28 Lean body mass |
front 29 decreased % of water | back 29 Adipose tissue (fat) |
front 30 usually water, holds a substance until dissolved in it | back 30 Solvent |
front 31 substances that dissolve in a solution, ex: electrolytes | back 31 Solute |
front 32 2/3 intracellular 1/3 extracellular | back 32 Fluid distribution |
front 33 brain; regulates volume of body fluids | back 33 Sodium (Na) |
front 34 heart; chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content | back 34 Potassium (K) |
front 35 muscle & bones; nerve impulse, blood clotting, muscle contractions | back 35 Calcium (Ca) |
front 36 concentration of plasma, urine, and bodily fluids | back 36 Osmolality |
front 37 neuromuscular; metabolism of carbs & proteins | back 37 Magnesium (Mg) |
front 38 same osmolality | back 38 Isotonic |
front 39 water moves INTO cell – swelling & cell bursts Hypertonic = water moves OUT of cell – shrinks & dies | back 39 Hypotonic |
front 40 regulate Ca in ECF | back 40 Parathyroid glands |
front 41 absorbs water and nutrients | back 41 GI tract |
front 42 make bicarbonate | back 42 Kidneys |
front 43 hold on to or blow off CO2 | back 43 Lungs |
front 44 the continuous delivery of an adequate blood supply containing oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the body's tissues and organs | back 44 Tissue perfusion |
front 45 water loss in ECF, resulting in poor tissue perfusion, Caused by: hemorrhage, severe vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, burns, excessive sweating | back 45 Hypovolemia |
front 46 total water loss (ICF & ECF), results in hypernatremia Caused by: hyperventilation, diabetic ketoacidosis, prolonged fever | back 46 Dehydration |
front 47 excessive retention of H2O & Na in ECF Caused by: excess intake of fluids, abnormal fluid retention (ex: heart & renal failure) | back 47 Hypervolemia |
front 48 bove normal amounts of H2O going in & not enough going out. S/S: tacky, SOB, AMS, elevated BP, anorexia, crackle sounds in lungs, bounding pulse, JVD | back 48 Over-hydration |
front 49 High BUN, Na, Hct, HR, low BP | back 49 Deficit |
front 50 Low BUN, e-lytes, Hct, Na within expected range in hypervolemia, Pulses will be full, bounding, neck vein distention, including CVP and BP, possible S3 | back 50 excess |
front 51 Maintain heart rhyme, skeletal and smooth muscle contraction. High K = kidney failure, low K= high aldosterone, 3.5-5 mEq/L, regulated by kidneys | back 51 potassium |
front 52 Control ECF osmolarity, muscle contraction and fluid balance. 135-145 mEq/L. Regulated by aldosterone and ADH | back 52 Sodium |
front 53 Fluid overload. Gi losses, hypotonic fluids , lethargy and general weakness, Severe = seizures, shallow resp., cerebral edema & coma. Monitor LOC & BP, eizure precautions, Monitor for cerebral edema | back 53 Sodium HYPOnatremia |
front 54 dehydration. Fluid losses (ex. fever and burns), Hypertonic fluids | back 54 sodium HYPERnatremia |
front 55 Teeth & bone formation, Blood clotting, Nerve impulses, Needs vit. D for absorption. 9-10.5 mg/dl, regulated by PTH and Calcitonin | back 55 Calcium |
front 56 Regulates neuromuscular activity , Cardiac function, Glucose control, BP regulation. 1.3 -2.1 mg/dl. Regulated by kidney and intestines. | back 56 Magnesium |