week 6 assessment Flashcards

raises serum cholesterol

are fats in the diet

are the predominant form of fat in food and the major storage form of fat in the body

is a fat-like substance found only in animal products.

affects visual acuity, skin and mucous membranes, and immune function

provides calcium and phosphorus metabolism and stimulates calcium absorption

is an antioxidant that protects Vitamin A

helps the synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting.

Provide most of the body’s energy & fiber 45-65% of total calories for adult Classified as complex and simple (1g=4cal)

Needed for healing & growth Soy is the only complete plant protein 0.8g/kg of body weight or 10-35% of total calories (1g=4cal)

Insoluble in water & blood Intake is 35% of total calories Saturated – raises cholesterol (animal fats) Unsaturated – lowers cholesterol (vegetable fats) (1g=9cal)

Gastrostomy, jejunostomy, nasoduodenal, nasojejunal , Long term, Requires surgery, Complication: diarrhea 3x or more in a 24hr period, Gastrostomy is the preferred route for enteral nutrition for coma patients

Naogastic Short term , Confirm placement – X Ray, #1 complication – Aspiration, Prevention: Elevate head of the bed for an hour after feedings

intravenous feedings, requires a central line, Complications: infection, metabolic alterations, fluid & electrolyte, imbalances, phlebitis, hyperlipidemia, liver and gallbladder disease.

may be ordered if you’re eating normal but still have malnutrition

nothing by mouth

nothing floating in it, no dairy

same as clear + dairy & juices

pureed meats, fruits, & scrambled eggs

diced or ground foods

low in fiber, easy to digest (ex. Dairy, eggs, ripe bananas)

whole grains, raw & dried fruits

no added salt, under 2g/day

no more than 300 mg/day

bout 1800cal per day (proteins, fats, and carbs)

pureed food & thickened liquids (DO NOT delegate first feed)

no restrictions

increased % of water

decreased % of water

usually water, holds a substance until dissolved in it

substances that dissolve in a solution, ex: electrolytes

2/3 intracellular 1/3 extracellular

brain; regulates volume of body fluids

heart; chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content

muscle & bones; nerve impulse, blood clotting, muscle contractions

concentration of plasma, urine, and bodily fluids

neuromuscular; metabolism of carbs & proteins

same osmolality

water moves INTO cell – swelling & cell bursts Hypertonic = water moves OUT of cell – shrinks & dies

regulate Ca in ECF

absorbs water and nutrients

make bicarbonate

hold on to or blow off CO2

the continuous delivery of an adequate blood supply containing oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the body's tissues and organs

water loss in ECF, resulting in poor tissue perfusion, Caused by: hemorrhage, severe vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, burns, excessive sweating

total water loss (ICF & ECF), results in hypernatremia Caused by: hyperventilation, diabetic ketoacidosis, prolonged fever

excessive retention of H2O & Na in ECF Caused by: excess intake of fluids, abnormal fluid retention (ex: heart & renal failure)

bove normal amounts of H2O going in & not enough going out. S/S: tacky, SOB, AMS, elevated BP, anorexia, crackle sounds in lungs, bounding pulse, JVD

High BUN, Na, Hct, HR, low BP

Low BUN, e-lytes, Hct, Na within expected range in hypervolemia, Pulses will be full, bounding, neck vein distention, including CVP and BP, possible S3

Maintain heart rhyme, skeletal and smooth muscle contraction. High K = kidney failure, low K= high aldosterone, 3.5-5 mEq/L, regulated by kidneys

Control ECF osmolarity, muscle contraction and fluid balance. 135-145 mEq/L. Regulated by aldosterone and ADH

Fluid overload. Gi losses, hypotonic fluids , lethargy and general weakness, Severe = seizures, shallow resp., cerebral edema & coma. Monitor LOC & BP, eizure precautions, Monitor for cerebral edema

dehydration. Fluid losses (ex. fever and burns), Hypertonic fluids

Teeth & bone formation, Blood clotting, Nerve impulses, Needs vit. D for absorption. 9-10.5 mg/dl, regulated by PTH and Calcitonin

Regulates neuromuscular activity , Cardiac function, Glucose control, BP regulation. 1.3 -2.1 mg/dl. Regulated by kidney and intestines.