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61 notecards = 16 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

(exam 4) Foot and Ankle [biomech]

front 1

Foot = pliable + rigid

back 1

  • P: shock and conform to the pattern of the ground
  • R: And to provide a rigid lever to transfer propulsive forces for movement

front 2

Osteology: basic terms

back 2

front 3

Osteology: fibula

back 3

front 4

Osteology: distal tibia

back 4

front 5

Osteology: talus

back 5

front 6

Osteology: talus (lateral side+eagle view)

back 6

front 7

Osteology: calcaneus

back 7

front 8

Osteology: navicular

back 8

front 9

Osteology: cuneiforms

back 9

front 10

Osteology: cuboid

back 10

front 11

Osteology: metatarsals

back 11

“ray” = one metatarsal and its associated set of phalanges

front 12

Osteology: phalanges

back 12

front 13

Arthrology: terminology first

back 13

front 14

Arthrology: proximal tibiofibular

back 14

front 15

Arthrology: distal tibiofibular

back 15

front 16

Arthrology: talocrural joint, articular structure

back 16

front 17

Arthrology: talocrural joint, ligaments

back 17

front 18

Movement of stretch and elongate major ligaments

back 18

  • deltoid ligaments
    • tibiotalar
    • tibionvicular
    • tibiocalcaneal
  • calcaneaofibular ligament
  • posterior talofibular ligament

front 19

Osteokinematics: talocrural

back 19

  • Posterior
    • AB/ADduction (vertical axis)
    • Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion (Med.Lateral axis)
  • Superior
    • EV/INversion (Ant.Posterior axis)
    • Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion (Med.Lateral axis)

front 20

Arthrokinematics: talocrural joint

back 20

front 21

Arthrokinematics: talocrural joint

back 21

front 22

The. Subtalar. Joint

back 22

front 23

Subtalar articular structure & ligaments

back 23

  • calcaneofibular
  • tibiocalcaneal fibers of deltoid ligament
  • interosseous (talocaneal) cervical

front 24

Subtalar kinematics

back 24

front 25

Transverse tarsal joint (midtarsal)

back 25

front 26

Midtarsal: talonavicular joint

back 26

front 27

Midtarsal: calcaneocuboid

back 27

front 28

Midtarsal kinematics

back 28

  • pronation
  • supnation

front 29

Midtarsal kinematics (transverse tarsal joint longitudinal axis)

back 29

front 30

Midtarsal kinematics (transverse tarsal joint oblique axis)

back 30

front 31

Midtarsal arthrokinematics

back 31

  • Consider it in the unloaded state
  • The navicular spins on the talus
    • Supination: inverts the lateral column “under” the medial
    • Pronation: everts the medial column “under” the lateral

front 32

Medial longitudinal arch

back 32

front 33

Medial longitudinal arch: passive restraints

back 33

front 34

Combined actions of subtalar & midtarsal joints

back 34

front 35

COMBO MNT // STJ- closed kinematic chain motions // INTERNAL ROTATION

back 35

  • RearFT + MidFT (supination) + rearFT (pronation)
  • lower arch = rearfoot eversion

front 36

COMBO MNT // STJ- closed kinematic chain motions // rearfoot supination + inversion // EXTERNAL ROTATION

back 36

  • supination: lock in place
    • behave separately (force vs. rearfoot)
    • more ridged
  • ForeFT + MidFT (pronation) + RearFT (supination) = IN + OUT
    • raise arch = rearfoot inversion
  • closed chain
    • weight bearing on foot

front 37

Distal intertarsal joints (x3)

back 37

  1. Cuneonavicular joint
  2. Cuboidnavicular joint
  3. Intercuneiform & cuneocuboid

front 38

Distal intertarsal joints: Cuneonavicular joint

back 38

Main job is to transfer pronation & supination distally toward the
forefoot

front 39

Distal intertarsal joints: Cuboidnavicular joint

back 39

nothing significant

front 40

Distal intertarsal joints: Intercuneiform & cuneocuboid

back 40

  • Form the transverse arch of the foot
    • provides transverse stability to the midfoot

front 41

Tarsometatarsal joints

back 41

  • plantar flexion // eversion
  • dorsiflexion // inversion

front 42

Phalanges + tarsi

back 42

front 43

Intermetatarsal joints

back 43

  • Not a real joint
  • Held together loosely with muscles, ligaments  allows flexibility

front 44

Metatarsophalangeal joints

back 44

front 45

Action of the forefoot; the Windlass mechanism

back 45

  • foot rolls backwards
  • turn on calf (extrinsic muscle) = raise arch (intrinsic muscles)
    • bridge mvt with bungee cord

front 46

Dorsiflexion inversion muscles

back 46

  1. extensor hallucis longus
  2. tibialis anterior

front 47

Dorsiflexion eversion muscles

back 47

  1. extensor digitorum longus
  2. fibularis tertius

front 48

plantar flexion inversion muscles

back 48

  1. tibialis posterior
  2. flexor digitorum longus
  3. flexor hallucis longus
  4. achilles tendon

front 49

plantar flexion eversion muscles

back 49

  1. fibularis brevis
  2. fibularis longus

front 50

Muscle action

back 50

  • foot mvt along the lateral axis (lateral + vertical)
    • talocrural joint axis(lateral) + subtalar joint (vertical)
  • Dorsiflexion inversion // Dorsiflexion eversion
  • plantar flexion inversion // plantar flexion eversion

front 51

Muscle function: extrinsic muscles, anterior compartment

back 51

  • eversion, inversion, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the foot
  1. extensor hallucis longus muscle
  2. tibialis anterior,
  3. extensor digitorum longus
  4. fibularis tertius muscles.

front 52

Muscle function: extrinsic muscles, lateral compartment

back 52

EVERSION

  1. fibularis longus
  2. fibularis brevis

front 53

Muscle function: extrinsic muscles, posterior compartment (x6)

back 53

  • superficial (x3)
  • deep (x3)

front 54

Muscle function: extrinsic muscles, posterior compartment // SUPERFICIAL

back 54

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris

front 55

Muscle function: extrinsic muscles, posterior compartment // DEEP

back 55

  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus

front 56

Muscle function: extrinsic muscles, posterior compartment (GRAPH + LIG)

back 56

  • Isometric torque (HIGH to LOW)
    • plantar flexion
    • dorsiflexion
    • inversion
    • eversion

front 57

Muscular Function: Intrinsic Muscles

back 57

  • maintain the medial longitudinal arch
  • aid in force distribution
  • postural control during gait

front 58

what is roll slide on tibial on talor

back 58

concave on convex (SAME)

front 59

what does the "mortise + tendon" joint consist of?

back 59

  • fibula
  • tibia
  • talus

front 60

what does the shape of the talus mean for ankle stability?

back 60

  • wedge shape = UP compressive force + UP stability of TC joint in DF

front 61

3 parts of the foot?

back 61

  • front foot
  • mid-foot
  • rear foot