front 1 Conjugation | back 1 The union of bacteria cells where information is passed between the F+(donor) to F-(recipient) |
front 2 Plasmid | back 2 The extrachromosomal autonomously replication of circular DNA |
front 3 F (fertility) factor | back 3 Bacterial episome(on plasmid of chromosome) that allows for it to be the donor in conjunction |
front 4 Hfr (high frequency of recombination) | back 4 A bacteria cell where the F factor is integrated into the chromosome, acts as the the origin during conjunction. |
front 5 Exconjugate | back 5 A bacterium that's undergone conjunction |
front 6 Endogenote | back 6 The recipient of the transfer during conjunction |
front 7 Exogenote | back 7 The donor during conjunction |
front 8 Merozygote | back 8 A cell that is partial diploid that contains both exogenote and endogenote |
front 9 Origin of transfer | back 9 The fixed point from where the DNA transfer begins during conjunction |
front 10 Transformation | back 10 Introduction of foreign DNA through external means |
front 11 Bacteriophage | back 11 A virus that infects bacteria |
front 12 Lytic cycle | back 12 Mode of infection where the bacteriophage infects the bacteria cell and replicates then lyses the cell, releasing the progeny |
front 13 Virulent bacteriophage | back 13 A bacteriophage that always completes the lytic cycle |
front 14 Prophage | back 14 A phage(virus) genome integrates itself into the host's DNA |
front 15 Lysogenic | back 15 The state of a bacterial cell with a prophage integrated into it's DNA |
front 16 Lysogenic bacterium (lysogen) | back 16 A bacterial cell that is capable of spontaneously lysis. Ex to release a prophage integrated in the DNA |
front 17 Temperate bacteriophage | back 17 A phage that is capable of entering t lysogenic cycle with it's host. Phage that can become a prophage |
front 18 Transduction | back 18 The movement of genic material through bacteriophage vectors |
front 19 nucleoside | back 19 A molecule composed of a nitrogen base bound to a sugar molecule |
front 20 nucleotide | back 20 A molecule composed of nitrogen base, sugar, phosphate group. the basic block of nucleic acids. |
front 21 conservative replication | back 21 A disproved model of DNA replication where half of daughter strands are predicted to having both strands being fully newly synthesized nucleotides |
front 22 dispersive replication | back 22 A disproved model of DNA replication where more or less random intermixed parental and newly synthesized components ofeach strand. |
front 23 semi-conservative replication | back 23 The current model of DNA replication where each strand of parental DNA acts as a template for synthesis of the daughter molecules. |
front 24 origin | back 24 The start point of DNA replication |
front 25 replication fork | back 25 The point where DNA strands are separated to start replication of each strand |
front 26 leading strand | back 26 DNA that is being synthesized in the same direction that the replication fork is proceeding. |
front 27 lagging strand | back 27 DNA that is being synthesized in the opposite direction of the replication fork proceeding. |
front 28 Okazaki fragments | back 28 A small single stranded DNA with a RNA primer at the 5' termus synthesized as apart of the lagging strand |
front 29 telomere | back 29 The tip/end of a linear chromosome |
front 30 gene (molecular terminology | back 30 Segment of DNA that can be transcribed into RNA and the regulatory sequence that makes transcription possible. |
front 31 consensus sequence | back 31 A DNA sequence in a particular sequence that is conserved amongst individuals |
front 32 RNA processing (co-transcriptional | back 32 The modifications( capping, splicing, and polyadenylation) made to eukaryotic RNA prior to leaving nucleus. |
front 33 alternative splicing | back 33 production of different mRNA from same primary transcription due to alternative splicing pattens. |
front 34 primary transcript (pre-mRNA) | back 34 eukaryotic RNA prior to processing |
front 35 informational RNA | back 35 RNA used as template for protein synthesis (mRNA) |
front 36 functional RNA | back 36 RNA which is functional as a RNA molecule |
front 37 Transcription | back 37 Production of RNA from a DNA template |
front 38 RNA polymerase | back 38 Enzyme that transcribes RNA from DNA |
front 39 promoter | back 39 A set of DNA sequences to which RNA polymerase binds to initiates transcription. |
front 40 repressor | back 40 A protein that binds to a DNA element to prevent transcription |
front 41 activator | back 41 A protein that binds to a DNA element to activates transcription |
front 42 polypeptide | back 42 A chain of linked amino acids |
front 43 Active site | back 43 The part of the protein that is required for functioning |
front 44 translation | back 44 production of a polypeptide chain from mRNA |
front 45 codon | back 45 3 nucleotides in mRNA that encodes for an amino acid |
front 46 anticodon | back 46 3 nucleotides in tRNA that forms complimentary base pairs to codon. |
front 47 wobble | back 47 the ability of the 3rd nucleotide of the anticodon (5' end) to pair imprecisely, allowing the anticodon to align with different codons |
front 48 frameshift mutation | back 48 The addition or deletion of a nucleotide which results in a chamge to the reading frame |
front 49 signal sequence | back 49 the amino- terminal of a secreted protein ehich is needed for the export of the protein from the cell |
front 50 nuclear localization sequence (nls | back 50 The sequence required for a protein to transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus |
front 51 operon | back 51 prokarotic multigenic segments that share regulatory regions. |