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32 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Endocrine System

front 1

What are the components of the Endocrine Sytem?

back 1

  • Pituitary Gland
  • Pineal Gland
  • Thyroid Gland
  • Parathyroid Glands
  • Pancreatic Islets
  • Adrenal Gland

front 2

What are the components and the location of the pituitary gland?

back 2

Two Components:

  • Adenohypophysis
  • Neurohypophysis

Located ventral surface of the brain. The location is also known as the Turkish Saddle.

front 3

What are the components of the adenohypophysis?

back 3

  • Pars Distalis
  • Pars Tuberalis

front 4

What is the location of Pars Tuberalis?

back 4

It is ventrally connected to Pars Distalis, and this connecting region has portal vessels.

front 5

What are the types of cells found in the Pars Distalis?

back 5

  1. Alpha Cells
  2. Beta Cells
  3. Gamma Cells
  4. Delta Cells
  5. Epsilon
  6. Eta
  7. Kappa

front 6

This type of cell secretes somatotropic hormones. It is responsible for growth .

back 6

Alpha Cells

front 7

This type of cell secretes follicle stimulating hormones. Responsible for spermatogenesis in males and ovary development in females.

back 7

Beta Cells

front 8

This type of cell secretes luteinizing hormones. Responsible for ovulation in females and act on Leydig cells in males for testosterone production.

back 8

Gamma Cells

front 9

This type of cell secretes thyroid stimulating hormones. Responsible for stimulating growth and the release of thyroid hormones.

back 9

Delta Cells

front 10

This type of cell secretes adrenocorticotropic hormones. Responsible for stimulating corticosterone production by the adrenals.

back 10

Epsilon Cells

front 11

This type of cell secretes prolactin. Responsible for having a role in metabolism, broodiness, osmoregulation, and reproduction.

back 11

Eta Cells

front 12

This type of cell secretes melanotropic hormones.

back 12

Kappa Cells

front 13

What are the three anatomic components of the neurohypophysis?

back 13

  1. Infundibulum
  2. Neural Lobe
  3. Median Eminence

front 14

What gland is located between the cerebral hemispheres of the brain and the cerebellum?

back 14

Pineal Gland

front 15

What are some of the known functions of the pineal gland?

back 15

  • photoreception
  • circadian rhythm
  • reproduction

front 16

What is the structure and the location of the thyriod gland?

back 16

They are paired red dark glands at the base of the neck medial to the Juglar veins.

It is made up:

  • follicles
  • epithelial cells
  • blood vessels
  • a few nerves

front 17

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

back 17

  • thyroxine
  • triiodothyronine

front 18

What does the thyroid gland stimulate?

back 18

  • Urge to molt
  • Urge to migrate
  • General metabolism
  • regulate heat production

front 19

What is the main function of thyroid gland?

back 19

To regulate growth of the body and reproductive systems. (Growth and egg production.)

front 20

What is the location of the parathyroid gland?

back 20

2 pair of the 3-4 yellowish glands located on each side of the body caudal to the thyroid glands.

front 21

What does the parathyroid gland secrete?

back 21

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

front 22

What are the functions of the parathyroid gland?

back 22

  • Raises Blood Calcium level
  • Shifts Medullary bone calcium to the egg shell
  • Increases renal phosphate by reductio of renal tubular resorption

front 23

What is the location of the ultimobranchial glands?

back 23

Flat pink glands that each side of the thoracic inlet.

front 24

What are the components of the Ultimobranchial gland?

back 24

  • C-cells that are scattered in groups or cords
  • parathyroid nodules
  • Vesicles - lined by epithelial cells
  • Lymphoid tissue and lymphocytes

front 25

What are the functions of the ultimobranchial gland?

back 25

  • C-cells secrete calcitonin
  • calcitonin blocks calcium form transferring from bone to blood
  • Prevents excess bone resorption by parathyroid glands

front 26

What are the functions of the adrenal glands?

back 26

The gland consists of cortical and medullary
tissue.

  • The medullary tissue secretes epinephrine
    and norepinephrine which are involved in
    the body reaction to stress.
  • Cortical tissue secretes mineralocorticoids involved in mineral concentration regulation
  • secretes corticosterone involved in regulating blood and liver sugar level
  • secretes, Progesterone, androgen, estrogenregulation of
    sex hormones

front 27

What are the three types of pancreatic islets?

back 27

  • Light
  • Dark
  • Mixed

front 28

What type of cells are found in the pancreatic islets

back 28

  • A cells
  • B cells
  • D cells
  • APP cells

front 29

What do A cells secrete?

back 29

Glucagon

  • Glucagon promotes breakdown of fuel stores to
    increase blood glucose

front 30

What do B cells Secrete?

back 30

Insulin

  • Insulin decreases blood glucose

front 31

What do D cells Secrete?

back 31

Somatostatin

  • Controls rate of food absorption from intestines

front 32

What do APP cells secrete?

back 32

  • avian pancreatic polypeptide cells