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Respiratory System of a chicken

front 1 What are the functions of the respiratory system?	back 1 Gas Exchange Humidify Air Heat Air Filter Air Vocalization
front 2 What parts of the respiratory system are part of the upper tract?	back 2 Nares Nasal Cavity Choana Larynx Glottis Trachea Syrinx Extrapulmonary bronchus
front 3 What parts of the respiratory system are part of the lower tract?	back 3 Pulmonary Bronchi Lungs Air Sacs Secondary Bronchi Parabronchi
front 4 What are the functions of the upper respiratory tract?	back 4 Filters Air Humidifies Air Heats Air

front 5 What id the function of the lower respiratory tract?	back 5 This is the site of gas exchange.
front 6 What is the first part of the upper respiratory tract and the location?	back 6 Nares (nostrils) Located at the base of the beak
front 7 What is the function of the Nares?	back 7 First screening of air stops large particles from entering some can have operculum
front 8 What is the second part of the upper respiratory tract and the location?	back 8 Nasal Cavity Divided by the conchae and the septum

front 9 What is the structure of the septum?	back 9 Can be bone or cartilage or a combination of both
front 10 What is the structure of the conchae?	back 10 Has a scroll like structure
front 11 What are the functions of the nasal cavity?	back 11 The conchae and septum deflect air covered with epithelial cells mucus for filtration humidification of air Heats air
front 12 What is the function of the larynx?	back 12 It is lined with mucus cells for filtration.

front 13 What is the function of the glottis?	back 13 It closes the opening of the larynx.
front 14 What is the function and structure of the trachea of a chicken?	back 14 It is the tube for conducting air. It has rings of cartilage
front 15 What type of cells is the trachea lined with?	back 15 ciliated epithelial cells
front 16 What is the purpose of the cilia in trachea?	back 16 The cells wave to brush particles away from the lungs.

front 17 Where is the Trachea located?	back 17 Found on the midline then passes to the right.
front 18 How many cartilage rings does a chicken have?	back 18 120 cartilage rings
front 19 Where is the Syrinx located?	back 19 It is located where the trachea divides into the left and right bronchi.
front 20 What is the structure of the syrinx?	back 20 It is made up of ossified cartilage and membranes. Structures vary among species. It is lined with ciliated epithelial cells.

front 21 What is the function of the syrinx?	back 21 Main function is vocalization but also filters some air.
front 22 What is the last part of the upper respiratory tract and the location?	back 22 Extrapulmonary Bronchi Right before the lungs Meets with the pulmonary bronchi
front 23 What is the function of the extrapulmonary bronchi?	back 23 It serves as a junction between the upper and lower tract of the respiratory system.
front 24 What is the first part of the lower respiratory tract and the location?	back 24 Pulmonary Bronchi The location of the bronchi travels into the lungs as the left and right pulmonary bronchi.

front 25 What is the function of the pulmonary bronchi?	back 25 Main function if gas exchange. heating filtering humidifying
front 26 What are the branches of the pulmonary bronchi?	back 26 Divide into secondary bronchi which then divide into parabronchi.
front 27 What is the structure and function of the parabronchi?	back 27 They are made up of air capillaries. Air capillaries are closely entwined with the blood capillaries. This is the site of CO2/ oxygen exchange.
front 28 Where are the lungs located and what are the made up of?	back 28 They are close to the ribs. Contain bronchi, air capillaries, and etc....

front 29 What is structure and location of the Air Sacs?	back 29 They are attached to the lungs and are made up of four paired sets.
front 30 What are the air sacs in a chicken?	back 30 cervical cranial thoracic caudal thoracic abdominal clavicular
front 31 What is the one unpaired air sac in a chicken and the location?	back 31 The clavicular Air Sac is attached to the anterior part of lung.
front 32 Where is the cervical air sac located?	back 32 It is located in the neck and has tubular diverticula which invade the vertebrae of the neck.

front 33 What is the location of the cranial thoracic air sac?	back 33 It is attached to the anterior and cranial aspect of the lung and has no diverticula.
front 34 What is the location of the caudal thoracic air sac?	back 34 It is attached to lung posterior to cranial thoracic and no diverticula.
front 35 What is the location of the abdominal air sac?	back 35 Attached to the caudal part of the lung. Has many diverticula that invade the femur in some species.