front 1 What is classical conditioning? | back 1 learning by association |
front 2 What is operant conditioning? | back 2 learning through reinforcement and punishment |
front 3 What is an unconditioned stimulus? | back 3 natural stimulus that triggers an unconditioned response |
front 4 What is an example of an unconditioned stimulus? | back 4 when you taste lemon powder, it triggers a response of you making a sour face |
front 5 What is an unconditioned respone? | back 5 unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus |
front 6 What is an example of an unconditioned response? | back 6 when you hear a loud noise, you jump or flinch |
front 7 What is a conditioned stimulus? | back 7 after association, it triggers a conditioned response |
front 8 what is an example of a conditioned stimulus? | back 8 when someone gets bit by a dog, anytime they hear the word dog or see a dog they tense up and get scared |
front 9 What is a conditioned response? | back 9 a learned response to a neutral stimulus |
front 10 What is an example of a conditioned response? | back 10 If you train your dog that he will get fed after you ring a bell, anytime he hears a bell he will run to his food bowl |
front 11 what is a neutral stimulus? | back 11 a stimulus that will explicit no response before conditoning |
front 12 What is an example of a neutral stimulus? | back 12 the sound of a fan without feeling a breeze |
front 13 what is positive reinforcement? | back 13 adding something to increase behavior |
front 14 what is an example of positive reinforcement? | back 14 giving a child candy for doing his chores |
front 15 what is negative reinforcement? | back 15 taking something away to increase frequency of behavior |
front 16 what is an example of negative reinforcement? | back 16 studying for an exam to avoid getting a poor grade |
front 17 what is positive punishment? | back 17 getting something bad to decrease frequency of behavior |
front 18 what is an example of positive punishment? | back 18 spanking a child for doing something wrong |
front 19 what is negative punishment? | back 19 taking away something good to decrease frequency of behavior |
front 20 what is an example of negative punishment? | back 20 taking your child's phone away for receiving a bad grade |
front 21 what is fixed-ratio? | back 21 a type of reinforcement schedule that delivers rewards after a consistent number of responses |
front 22 what is variable-ratio? | back 22 a reinforcement schedule in which behavior is reinforced following an erratic or variable number of replies |
front 23 what is fixed interval? | back 23 a schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided after a fixed amount of time elapses |
front 24 what is a variable interval? | back 24 a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed |
front 25 what are the antisocial effects of observational learning? | back 25 an example would be when a kid grows up being abused he tends to abuse people when he gets older |
front 26 Which schedule of reinforcement produces higher rates of responding? | back 26 variable-ratio schedule |
front 27 which schedule of reinforcement produces more consistent rates of responding? | back 27 fixed-ratio schedules |
front 28 What are the prosocial effects of observational learning? | back 28
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front 29 What is recall? | back 29 fill in the blank |
front 30 What is recognition? | back 30 multiple choice, easier than recall |
front 31 what is relearning? | back 31 easier to learn information a second time |
front 32 what is encode? | back 32 get the information into our brain |
front 33 what is storage? | back 33 keep the information there |
front 34 what is retrieval? | back 34 get the information back out to use |
front 35 what is short-term memory? | back 35 working memory, 7+2, holds bits of info |
front 36 what is long-term memory? | back 36 relatively permanent and limitless |
front 37 what is sensory memory? | back 37 immediate, brief recording of info |
front 38 what is iconic memory? | back 38 sensory memory of a visual stimulus |
front 39 what is echoic memory? | back 39 sensory memory of an auditory stimulus |
front 40 what is implicit memories? | back 40 (nondeclarative), without conscious recall |
front 41 what are explicit memories? | back 41 (declarative), without conscious recall |
front 42 what types of memories are in implicit memories? | back 42
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front 43 what type of memories are in explicit memories? | back 43
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front 44 where are implicit memories processed in the brain? | back 44 cerebellum and basal ganglia |
front 45 where are explicit memories processed in the brain? | back 45 hippocampus and frontal lobes |
front 46 what is chunking? | back 46 taking big information and putting it into little groups Ex: ROY G BIV |
front 47 what is a mnemonic device? | back 47 memory aids Ex: mental images, tricks to remember things |
front 48 what is the spacing effect? | back 48 distributed study time yields better long term results |
front 49 what is the testing effect? | back 49 quizzing yourself |
front 50 what is the serial position effect? | back 50 a list its where you tend to remember only the first things and the last things on the list and not the stuff that was in the middle |
front 51 what is context-dependent memory? | back 51 memorizing something when you are in the same state, or doing the same thing. Ex: chewing gum while studying, and chewing gum while taking the test |
front 52 what is mood congruent memory? | back 52 when you feel one emotion, you will only remember memories that you felt the same emotions in Ex: when you are sad you only remember sad memories |
front 53 what are algorithms? | back 53 garuntee a solution |
front 54 what are heuristics? | back 54 short cut, more errors |
front 55 what are the representativeness heuristics? | back 55 judging the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particulate prototypes |
front 56 what are the availability heuristics? | back 56 judging the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory. If instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common |
front 57 what is confirmation bias? | back 57 a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and ignore or disort contradictory evidence ex: jordynn always being right |
front 58 what is overconfidence? | back 58 the tendency to be more confident than correct |
front 59 what are belief perspectives? | back 59 clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which htey were formed has been discredited |
front 60 how many phonemes are in simple, 3-4 letter words? | back 60 ex: cat c a t has 3 phonemes |
front 61 what many morphemes are in simple, 3-4 letter words? | back 61 ex: cat cat has one morpheme cats have two |
front 62 where is Broca's Area located? | back 62 frontal lobe |
front 63 what are the functions of Broca's Area? | back 63 speaking words, motor cortex |
front 64 where is Wernicke's area located? | back 64 temporal lobe |
front 65 what are the functions of Wernicke's area? | back 65 hearing words, auditory cortex |