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Prehistory and Ancient History Photos

front 1 Image 1	back 1 Scene with a group of rhinoceroses - Provenance: Chauvet cave, Vallon-Pont-d’Arc (France) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: Palaeolithic, Aurignacian period, 33,000 BCE
front 2 Image 2	back 2 Hand’s red-painted negative - Provenance: Chauvet cave, Vallon-Pont-d’Arc (France) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: Upper Palaeolithic, Aurignacian period, 34,000 BCE
front 3 Image 3	back 3 Secondary burial with the top of the cranium used as a container for further human remains - Provenance: Brillenhöhle, Blaubeuren (Germany) - Place of conservation: Prehistoric Museum of Blaubeuren - Chronology: Upper Palaeolithic, Magdalenian period, 12,500 BCE
front 4 Image 4	back 4 Cave painting of a bird-headed man, bison, and rhinoceros - Provenance: Lascaux cave, Dordogne (France) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: Upper Palaeolithic, Magdalenian period,15,000-13,000 BCE

front 5 Image 5	back 5 Mammoth tusk figurine of a human with a lion’s head - Provenance: Hohlenstein-Stadel, Ulm (Germany) - Place of conservation: Ulm Museum - Chronology: Upper Palaeolithic, Aurignacian period, 38,000-33,000 BCE
front 6 Image 6	back 6 Female figurine (?) carved from a red tunic pebble with at least three intentional grooves - Provenance: Berekhat Ram, Golan Heights (Israel) - Place of conservation: The Israel Museum, Jerusalem - Chronology: Lower Palaeolithic, 230,000 BCE (Homo Erectus)
front 7 Image 7	back 7 The “Venus” of Laussel - Provenance: Laussel, Marquay (France) - Place of Conservation: Museum of Aquitania, Bordeaux - Chronology: Upper Palaeolithic, Gravettian period, 23,000 BCE
front 8 Image 8	back 8 Vulture bone flute - Provenance: Geißenklösterle cave, Blaubeuren (Germany) - Place of conservation: Prehistoric Museum of Blaubeuren - Chronology: Upper Palaeolithic, Aurignacian period, 41,000-40,000 BCE

front 9 Image 9	back 9 Painting with a deer-hunting scene - Provenance: Valltorta, Tírig, Valencia (Spain) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: Mesolithic, 8,000-6,000 BCE
front 10 Image 10	back 10 Skull of a 35/40-year-old man struck by one arrowhead in the chest and another in the face - Provenance: Porsmose (Denmark) - Place of conservation: National Museum of Denmark (Copenhagen) - Chronology: Neolithic, 2,600 BCE
front 11 Image 11	back 11 The world’s oldest known sanctuary - Provenance: Göbleki Tepe, Şanlıurfa (Turkey) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: Pre-Pottery Neolithic A, 9,500-9,000 BCE
front 12 Image 12	back 12 Seated female clay figurine between feline-headed arm-rests - Provenance: Çatalhöyük, Konya (Turkey) - Place of conservation: Museum of Anatolian Civilizations (Ankara) - Chronology: Neolithic, 6,000 BCE

front 13 Image 13	back 13 Mask made with a deer skull with carved eyeholes - Provenance: Star Carr, Scarborough (UK) - Place of conservation: Scarborough Museum - Chronology: Mesolithic, 9,000 BCE
front 14 Image 14	back 14 Limestone mask decorated with paint - Provenance: Nahal Hemar cave, Judean Desert (Israel) - Place of conservation: Israel Museum (Jerusalem) - Chronology: Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, 7,000 BCE
front 15 Image 21	back 15 cylinder seal showing a “priest-king” participating in a liturgical ceremony - Provenance: unknown (Iraq) - Place of conservation: Louvre (Paris) - Chronology: Bronze Age, 3,200 BCE
front 16 Image 22	back 16 Syrian marble double “eye idol” - Provenance: Tell Brak (Syria) - Place of conservation: Private Collection - Chronology: 3,500-3,300 BCE

front 17 Image 23	back 17 Gerza schist palette depicting the goddess Hathor in the form of a cow - Provenance: Tomb 59, Gerza (Egypt) - Place of conservation: Egyptian Museum (Cairo) - Chronology: Bronze Age, Naqada II period, 3,650-3,300 BCE
front 18 Image 24	back 18 Ithifallic colossus of Min - Provenance: Coptos (Egypt) - Place of conservation: Ashmolean Museum (Oxford) `- Chronology: Bronze Age, 3,300 BCE
front 19 Image 25	back 19 Narmer palette - Provenance: Nekhen/Hierakonpolis (Egypt) - Place of conservation: Egyptian Museum (Cairo) - Chronology: 3,200-3,000 BCE
front 20 Image 26	back 20 Clay tag with proto-cuneiform glyphs - Provenance: Uruk (Iraq) - Place of conservation: Vorderasiatisches Museum (Berlin) - Chronology: Bronze Age, Uruk IV period, 3,350-3,200 BCE

front 21 Image 27	back 21 Proto-cuneiform Mesopotamian tablet - Provenance: Uruk (Iraq) - Place of conservation: Los Angeles Country Museum of Art (California) - Chronology: Bronze Age, Uruk IV, 3,350-3,200 BCE
front 22 Image 28	back 22 Cuneiform Mesopotamian tablet - Provenance: Umma (Iraq) - Place of conservation: Spurlok Museum of World Cultures (Illinois) - Chronology: Bronze Age, Ur III, 2,000 BCE
front 23 Image 29	back 23 Cuneiform Mesopotamian tablet - Provenance: Uruk (Iraq) - Place of conservation: Spurlok Museum of World Cultures (Illinois) - Chronology: Neo-Babylonian Period, 606-539 BCE
front 24 Image 30	back 24 Bone and ivory tags - Provenance: Tomb UJ, Abydos (Egypt) - Place of conservation: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Cairo? - Chronology: Bronze Age, Dynasty 0, 3,320-3,150 BCE

front 25 Image 31	back 25 Seal impression with the first complete hieroglyphic sentence - Provenance: Tomb of Seth-Peribsen, Umm el-Qa’ab (Egypt) - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: Bronze Age, Dynasty 2, 28th-27th cent. BCE
front 26 Image 32	back 26 Fragment of wall decoration with hieroglyphs - Provenance: Tomb of Seti I, Valley of the Kings (Egypt) - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty, 1291-1279 BCE
front 27 Image 33	back 27 Ipuwer papyrus in hieratic language - Provenance: unknown - Place of conservation: Dutch National Museum of Antiquities (Leiden) - Chronology: New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty, 1292-1186 BCE
front 28 Image 34	back 28 funerary papyrus of Tanuat (P.Rhind II) in demotic language - Provenance: Abd el-Qurna, Thebes (Egypt) - Place of conservation: Royal Scottish Museum (Edinburgh) - Chronology: Roman period, 9 BCE

front 29 Image 35	back 29 Stele celebrating the victory of Naram-Sin (reigning 2254-2218 BCE) against the Lullubi - Provenance: Susa (Iran) - Place of conservation: Louvre (Paris) - Chronology: Akkadian Empire, ca. 2,230 BCE
front 30 Image 36	back 30 The Standard of Ur - Provenance: Ur (Iraq) - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: Early dynastic period, 2,600 BCE
front 31 Image 37	back 31 Tablette with house ground plan - Provenance: Umma (Iraq) - Place of conservation: Vorderasiatisches Museum (Berlin) - Chronology: Ur III period, 2,050 BCE
front 32 Image 38	back 32 Limestone statue of King Djoser - Provenance: Saqqara (Egypt) - Place of conservation: Egyptian Museum (Cairo) - Chronology: Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, Ur III, 2,667-2,648 BCE

front 33 Image 39	back 33 The Pyramid of Djoser or Step Pyramid - Provenance: Saqqara (Egypt) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: Old Kingdom, 3rd Dynasty, Ur III, 2,667-2,648 BCE
front 34 Image 40	back 34 Code of Hammurabi - Provenance: Susa (Iran), taken from Babylon as plunder by the Elamite king Shutruk-Nahhunte (12th cent. BCE) - Place of conservation: Louvre (Paris) - Chronology: 1,770 BCE
front 35 Image 41	back 35 Plimpton 332 tablet: the world’s oldest and most accurate trigonometric table (?) - Provenance: Larsa (Iraq) - Place of conservation: Columbia University (New York) - Chronology: 1,822-1,762 BCE
front 36 Image 42	back 36 Babylonian clay tablet YBC 7289 with representation of √2 - Provenance: Southern Mesopotamia (Iraq) - Place of conservation: Yale Babylonian Collection - Chronology: 1,800-1,600 BCE

front 37 Image 43	back 37 First known depiction of a map, showing fields belonging to royal estates in Nippur. - Provenance: Nippur (Iraq) - Place of conservation: New York Public Library - Chronology: 1,500 BCE
front 38 Image 44	back 38 Calendar with Nile floods and sacrifice requirements - Provenance: Temple of Horus and Sobek, Kom Ombo (Egypt) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: 170 BCE
front 39 Image 45	back 39 Clay tablet with labyrinth - Provenance: Babylon (Iraq) - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 2,000-1,700 BCE
front 40 Image 46	back 40 Papyrus depicting a lion playing the board game of senet against a gazelle - Provenance: Deir el-Medina (Egypt) - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: 1,250-1,150 BCE

front 41 Image 47	back 41 Royal Game of Ur or Game of Twenty Squares - Provenance: Ur (Iraq) - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: 2,600-2,400 BCE
front 42 Image 48	back 42 Brick relief representing the snake- dragon Mušḫuššu - Provenance: Ishtar Gate, Babylon (Iraq) - Place of conservation: Pergamon Museum (Berlin) - Chronology: Neo-Babylonian, 604-562 BCE
front 43 Image 49	back 43 Wall panel relief representing a possibly parkland in Nineveh with irrigation canals, aqueduct, path with altar, and a pavilion - Provenance: North Palace, Nineveh (Iraq) - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: Neo-Assyrian, 645-635 BCE
front 44 Image 50	back 44 Relief representing Darius I’s elite warriors (the “Immortals”) - Provenance: Susa (Iran) - Place of conservation: Pergamon Museum (Berlin) - Chronology: 500 BCE

front 45 Image 51	back 45 Relief representing Sennacherib attacking a walled city (probably Jerusalem) - Provenance: Nineveh (Iraq) - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: 704-681 BCE
front 46 Image 52	back 46 Relief representing timber being unloaded from Phoenician ships - Provenance: Palace of Sargon II, Khorsabad (Iraq) - Place of conservation: Louvre (Paris) - Chronology: 8th cent. BCE
front 47 Image 53	back 47 Marble seated harp player - Provenance: Cyclades (Greece) - Place of conservation: The Metropolitan Museum (New York) - Chronology: Late Early Cycladic I - Early Cycladic II, 2,800-2,700 BCE
front 48 Image 54	back 48 Painted faience plaques - Provenance: Knossos (Crete) - Place of conservation: Heraklion Archaeological Museum - Chronology: 1,700-1,600 BCE

front 49 Image 55	back 49 The Master Impression representing Poseidon (?) on a temple dominating the sea - Provenance: Chania (Crete) - Place of conservation: The Chania Archaeological Museum - Chronology: 1,450-1,400 BCE
front 50 Image 56	back 50 The Snake Goddess - Provenance: Knossos (Crete) - Place of conservation: Heraklion Archaeological Museum - Chronology: 1,600 BCE
front 51 Image 57	back 51 The harvester vase - Provenance: Hagia Triada (Crete) - Place of conservation: Heraklion Archaeological Museum - Chronology: 1,550-1,500 BCE
front 52 Image 58	back 52 The Hagia Triada sarcophagus - Provenance: Hagia Triada (Crete) - Place of conservation: Heraklion Archaeological Museum - Chronology: 1,370-1,320 BCE

front 53 Image 59	back 53 The so-called “Mask of Agamemnon” - Provenance: Grave Circle A, Mycenae (Greece) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 1,550-1,500 BCE
front 54 Image 60	back 54 The “Pylos Combat Agate” - Provenance: “Tomb of the Griffin Warrior”, Pylos (Greece) - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 1,450 BCE
front 55 Image 61	back 55 Mycenaean dagger - Provenance: Grave Circle A, Mycenae (Greece) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 1,600 BCE
front 56 Image 62	back 56 Boar’s tusk helmet - Provenance: Mycenae (Greece) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 14th cent. BCE

front 57 Image 63	back 57 The “Warrior Vase” - Provenance: Mycenae (Greece) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 13th cent. BCE
front 58 Image 64	back 58 Painted plaster head (sphinx?) - Provenance: Mycenae (Greece) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 13th cent. BCE
front 59 Image 65	back 59 Linear B tablet - Provenance: Knossos (Crete) - Place of conservation: Archaeological Museum of Iraklion - Chronology: 1,450 BCE
front 60 Image 66	back 60 Proto-geometric skyphos - Provenance: Kerameikos, Athens (Greece) - Place of conservation: Kerameikos Archaeological Museum (Athens) - Chronology: end of 11th - 10th cent. BCE

front 61 Image 67	back 61 Attic amphora - Provenance: Kerameikos, Athens (Greece) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens) - Chronology: late Geometric IA, 760-750 BCE
front 62 Image 68	back 62 Terracotta centaur - Provenance: Lefkandi (Greece) - Place of conservation: Archaeological Museum of Eretria - Chronology: end of the 10th cent. BCE
front 63 Image 69	back 63 Mantiklos Apollo - Provenance: Thebes (Greece) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens) - Chronology: late Geometric, 700-675 BCE
front 64 Image 70	back 64 Bronze statuette of a horse - Provenance: Olympia (Greece) - Place of conservation: Altes Museum (Berlin) - Chronology: Late Geometric, 730 BCE

front 65 Image 71	back 65 Votive clay model of the Heraion - Provenance: Argos (Greece) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 725-700 BCE
front 66 Image 72	back 66 Silver Stater with a turtle - Provenance: Aegina (Greece) - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 6th century BCE
front 67 Image 73	back 67 The Chigi vase - Provenance: Veio (Italy) - Place of conservation: National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia (Rome) - Chronology: 650-640 BCE
front 68 Image 74	back 68 helmet of Miltiades, the Athenian general of the Battle of Marathon - Provenance: Olympia (Greece) - Place of Conservation: Archaeological Museum of Olympia - Chronology: 490 BCE

front 69 Image 75	back 69 Pediment of the temple of Artemis in Corfu with Gorgon and panthers - Provenance: Corfu (Greece) - Place of conservation: Corfu Archaeological Museum - Chronology: 580 BCE
front 70 Image 76	back 70 The Peplos Kore - Provenance: Athens (Greece) - Place of conservation: Acropolis Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 530 BCE
front 71 Image 77	back 71 The Kroisos Kouros - Provenance: Anavyssos (Greece) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 540-515 BCE
front 72 Image 78	back 72 Moschophoros - Provenance: Athens (Greece) - Place of conservation: Acropolis Museum of Athens - Chronology: 560 BCE

front 73 Image 79	back 73 Corinthian olpe by the Vatican Painter 73 - Provenance: Corinth (Greece) - Place of conservation: Gregorian Etruscan Museum (Rome) - Chronology: 630-615 BCE
front 74 Image 80	back 74 Stele with Democracy crowning Demos - Provenance: Athens (Greece) - Place of conservation: Agora Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 337 BCE
front 75 Image 81	back 75 Bust of Pericles (ca. 495-429 BCE) - Provenance: Tivoli (Italy) - Place of conservation: Museo Pio Clementino (Rome) - Chronology: 2nd cent. CE Roman copy after a Greek original from 430 BCE
front 76 Image 82	back 76 Marble head of Socrates (469-399 BCE) - Provenance: Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Palazzo Massimo alle Terme (Rome) - Chronology: 1st cent. CE (Roman copy)

front 77 Image 83	back 77 The kleroterion - Provenance: Athens (Greece) - Place of conservation: Agora Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 3rd cent. BCE
front 78 Image 84	back 78 Bronze ballots - Provenance: Athens (Greece) - Place of conservation: Agora Museum (Athens) - Chronology: 4th cent. BCE
front 79 Image 85	back 79 Fragmentary waterclock measuring the time allotted to the speakers - Provenance: Athens (Greece) - Place of conservation: Agora Museum (Athens) - Chronology: late 5th cent. BCE
front 80 Image 86	back 80 Ostrakon with the name of Perikles - Provenance: Athens (Greece) - Place of conservation: Agora Museum (Athens) - Chronology: mid-5th cent. BCE

front 81 Image 87	back 81 Bust of Aristophanes (ca. 450-385 BCE) - Provenance: Tivoli (Italy) - Place of conservation: Uffizi Gallery (Florence) - Chronology: 2nd cent. CE Roman copy of a Greek original
front 82 Image 88	back 82 Temple of Concordia - Provenance: Agrigento (Italy) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: 440-430 BCE
front 83 Image 89	back 83 Marble statue of ephebe - Provenance: Agrigento (Italy) - Place of conservation: Museo Archeologico di Agrigento - Chronology: 480 BCE
front 84 Image 90	back 84 Temple of Hera - Provenance: Paestum (Italy) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: 460-450 BCE

front 85 Image 91	back 85 Frescoes from the tomb of the Diver - Provenance: Paestum (Italy) - Place of conservation: Archaeological Museum of Paestum - Chronology: 480-470 BCE
front 86 Image 92	back 86 Fresco from the Tomb of the Black Rider - Provenance: Paestum (Italy) - Place of conservation: Archaeological Museum of Paestum - Chronology: 340 BCE
front 87 Image 93	back 87 Ivory bust of Philip II of Macedonia - Provenance: Vergina (Greece) - Place of conservation: Vergina Museum - Chronology: ca. 335 BCE
front 88 Image 94	back 88 Facade and fresco from Tomb II (of Philip II?) - Provenance: Vergina (Greece) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: 335-315 BCE

front 89 Image 95	back 89 Bust of Alexander the Great - Provenance: Alexandria (Egypt) - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: 2nd-1st cent. BCE
front 90 Image 96	back 90 The Battle of Issus (333 BCE) between Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia - Provenance: House of the Faun, Pompeii (Italy) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Naples) - Chronology: late 2nd cent. BCE
front 91 Image 97	back 91 Tetradrachm with head of horned horse (Bucephalus?) - Provenance: Pergamon (Turkey) - Place of conservation: Unknown - Chronology: reign of Seleucos I Nikator, 312-281 BCE
front 92 Image 98	back 92 Bronze sculpture of Alexander the Great on horseback - Provenance: Herculaneum (Italy) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Naples) - Chronology: 1st cent. BCE

front 93 Image 99	back 93 Double decadrachm with Agathocles wearing Alexander’s elephant scalp headdress - Provenance: Syracuse (Italy) - Place of conservation: Unknown - Chronology: 310-304 BCE
front 94 Image 108	back 94 The Pyrgi tablets - Provenance: Pyrgi (Italy) - Place of conservation: National Etruscan Museum (Rome) - Chronology: 500 BCE
front 95 Image 109	back 95 Statue of a centaur in tufa stone - Provenance: Vulci (Italy) - Place of conservation: National Etruscan Museum (Rome) - Chronology: 590-580 BCE
front 96 Image 110	back 96 Bronze statie of a Chimaera - Provenance: Arezzo (Italy) - Place of conservation: Archaeological Museum (Florence) - Chronology: 380-360 BCE

front 97 Image 111	back 97 “Mars of Todi” - Provenance: Todi (Italy) - Place of conservation: Museo Etrusco Gregoriano (Rome) - Chronology: late 5th - early 4th cent. BCE
front 98 Image 112	back 98 Statuette of a woman - Provenance: Nemi (Italy) - Place of conservation: Louvre (Paris) - Chronology: 350 BCE
front 99 Image 113	back 99 Liver of Piacenza - Provenance: Decima di Gossolengo, Piacenza (Italy) - Place of conservation: Municipal Museum of Piacenza - Chronology: late 2nd cent. BCE
front 100 Image 114	back 100 Winged-horses of Tarquinia - Provenance: Tarquinia (Italy) - Place of conservation: Tarquinia National Museum - Chronology: mid-4th cent. BCE

front 101 Image 115	back 101 The “Lady of Elche” - Provenance: Alcudia de Elche (Spain) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Madrid) - Chronology: 4th cent. BCE
front 102 Image 116	back 102 Bronze statuette representing a Phoenician divinity with golden face - Provenance: Cadiz (Spain) - Place of conservation: Nacional Archaeological Museum (Madrid) - Chronology: 9th-7th cent. BCE (?)
front 103 Image 117	back 103 The (Tartessian?) sanctuary of Turuñuelo de Guareña - Provenance: Turuñuelo de Guareña, Badajoz (Spain) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: 6th-5th cent. BCE
front 104 Image 118	back 104 Fragment of cycladic marble statue - Provenance: Turuñuelo de Guareña, Badajoz (Spain) - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 6th-5th cent. BCE

front 105 Image 119	back 105 Denarius with Venus and Aeneas carrying Anchises and Palladium - Provenance: North Africa - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 47-46 BCE
front 106 Image 120	back 106 Terracotta representing Aeneas escaping from Troy with his father Anchises and his son Aeneas - Provenance: Pompeii (Italy) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Naples) - Chronology: 1st cent. CE
front 107 Image 121	back 107 Marble relief with Aeneas landing in Latium with Ascanius and meeting a sow identifying the place where to found Lavinium - Provenance: Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: 140-150 CE
front 108 Image 122	back 108 The “Capitoline Wolf” - Provenance: unknown - Place of conservation: Palazzo dei Conservatori (Rome) - Chronology: 5th cent. BCE or 11th-12th cent CE (and late 15th cent.)?

front 109 Image 123	back 109 Consular and triumphal Fasti - Provenance: Forum Romanum, Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Capitoline Museums (Rome) - Chronology: 27 BCE - 14 CE
front 110 Image 124	back 110 Fasti and Calendar - Provenance: Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Roman National Museum, Baths of Diocletian (Rome) - Chronology: 3rd cent. CE
front 111 Image 125	back 111 Rustic calendar - Provenance: Campus Marzius, Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Museum of Roman Civilization in Rome - Chronology: 2nd cent. CE
front 112 Image 126	back 112 Calendar with removable pins - Provenance: Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 3rd-4th cent. CE

front 113 Image 127	back 113 The “Lapis Niger” - Provenance: Forum Romanum, Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: National Roman Museum - Terme di Diocleziano (Rome) - Chronology: 570-550 BCE
front 114 Image 128	back 114 The “Lex Spoletina” - Provenance: Spoleto (Italy) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Spoleto) - Chronology: ca. 241 BCE
front 115 Image 129	back 115 “Capitoline Brutus” (portrait of Lucius Iunius Brutus?) - Provenance: Italy - Place of conservation: Capitoline Museums (Rome) - Chronology: early 3rd cent. BCE
front 116 Image 130	back 116 Ruins of the Capitolium of Rome - Provenance: Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: 509 BCE

front 117 Image 131	back 117 The Capitoline triad - Provenance: Guidonia (Italy) - Place of conservation: Civic Archaeological Museum (Guidonia) - Chronology: 160-180 CE BCE
front 118 Image 132	back 118 The castrum of Vindolanda - Provenance: Bardon Mill (UK) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: 85 CE
front 119 Image 133	back 119 Silver denarius with the Italic bull trampling on the Roman She-wolf - Provenance: Corfinium? (Italy) - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 90-88 BCE
front 120 Image 134	back 120 The “Cittareale stone” - Provenance: Cittareale (Italy) - Place of conservation: Museum of Cittareale (Rieti) - Chronology: 90-88 BCE

front 121 Image 135	back 121 The Capitolium of Pompeii - Provenance: Pompeii (Italy) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: 200-175 BCE
front 122 Image 136	back 122 The altar of Claudia Syntyche - Provenance: Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Central Montemartini (Rome) - Chronology: 1st cent. CE
front 123 Image 137	back 123 The sanctuary of Pietrabbondante - Provenance: Pietrabbondante (Italy) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: end of the 2nd cent. BCE
front 124 Image 138	back 124 The sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia - Provenance: Palestrina (Italy) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: end of the 2nd cent. BCE

front 125 Image 139	back 125 The Roman sanctuary of Munigua - Provenance: Munigua, Seville (Spain) - Place of conservation: In situ - Chronology: end of the 1st cent. CE
front 126 Image 140	back 126 Bust of Lucius Cornelius Sulla (?) - Provenance: Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Glyptothek of Munich - Chronology: Augustan epoch
front 127 Image 141	back 127 Denarius with Hercules and a globe surrounded by four wreaths, one flanked by aplustre and grain ear - Provenance: Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 56 BCE
front 128 Image 142	back 128 Bust of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus - Provenance: Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (Copenhagen) - Chronology: 30-50 CE

front 129 Image 143	back 129 Silver denarius advertising Brutus in conjunction with symbols justifying Caesar’s assassination - Provenance: Northern Greece - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 44 BCE
front 130 Image 144	back 130 Marble portrait of Caius Julius Caesar (the “Chiaramonti Caesar”) - Provenance: unknown - Place of conservation: Vatican Museums (Rome) - Chronology: 30-20 BCE
front 131 Image 145	back 131 Silver denarius with Mark Antony and Caesar - Provenance: Cisalpine Gaul - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 43 BCE
front 132 Image 146	back 132 Portrait of Marcus Antonius (?) - Provenance: Forum Romanum, Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Centrale Montemartini (Rome) - Chronology: ca. 35 BCE

front 133 Image 147	back 133 Silver denarius with Octavian’s head and crocodile - Provenance: unknown - Place of conservation: unknown - Chronology: 28 BCE
front 134 Image 148	back 134 Augustus of Prima Porta - Provenance: Prima Porta, Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Vatican Museums (Rome) - Chronology: ca. 20 CE
front 135 Image 149	back 135 Ara Pacis Augustae - Provenance: Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Museum of the Ara Pacis (Rome, Italy) - Chronology: 9 BCE
front 136 Image 150	back 136 Maison Carrée - Provenance: Nîmes (France) - Place of conservation: in situ - Chronology: 1st century CE

front 137 Image 151	back 137 Augustus as Pontifex Maximus - Provenance: Via Labicana, Rome (Italy) - Place of conservation: Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, National Museum of Rome (Rome, Italy). - Chronology: ca. 20 CE
front 138 Image 152	back 138 Meroë Head - Provenance: Meroë (Shendi, Sudan) - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: 27-25 BCE
front 139 Image 153	back 139 Blacas Cameo - Provenance: Unknown - Place of conservation: British Museum (London) - Chronology: 14-20 CE
front 140 Image 154	back 140 Gemma Augustea - Provenance: Unknown - Place of conservation: Kunsthistorisches Museum (Vienna, Austria) - Chronology: 9-12 CE

front 141 Image 155	back 141 Marble statue of Livia Drusilla (wife of Augustus) - Provenance: Paestum (Salerno, Italy) - Place of conservation: National Archaeological Museum (Madrid, Spain) - Chronology: early 1st century CE
front 142 Image 156	back 142 Res Gestae Divi Augusti on the temple of Augustus and Rome at Ankara (Monumentum Ancyrarum). Fragment. - Provenance: Ankara (Turkey) - Place of conservation: in situ - Chronology: ca. 14 CE