front 1 Which of the following adaptations is common to all seed plants?
A)reduced gametophytes
B)pollen
C)heterospory
D)ovules
E)All of the listed responses are correct. | back 1 E)All of the listed responses are correct. |
front 2 Which one of the following is true of seed plants, but NOT true of seedless plants?
A)The sporophyte is large, and the gametophyte is small and independent.
B)The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte.
C)A film of water is necessary for sperm to come in contact with eggs.
D)The spore is the main means of dispersing the offspring.
E)The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte. | back 2 B)The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte. |
front 3 The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____.
A)is called the gametophyte
B)produces spores
C)produces eggs and sperm
D)is larger and more conspicuous than the haploid stage
E)develops from a spore | |
front 4 The closest seedless relatives of seed plants produce one kind of spore that gives rise to a bisexual gametophyte. What does this suggest about the ancestors of seed plants?
A)They produced separate male and female gametophytes.
B)They were homosporous.
C)They were heterosporous.
D)They were bryophytes.
E)They were gymnosperms | |
front 5 The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into _____.
A)ovaries
B)spores
C)fruit
D)gametophytes
E)seeds | |
front 6 The cells within pollen grains are _____ and together comprise the _____.
A)diploid ... sperm nuclei
B)haploid ... spores
C)diploid ... a new sporophyte
D)haploid ... male gametophyte
E)diploid ... spores | back 6 D)haploid ... male gametophyte |
front 7 Which example below is evidence provided by living gymnosperms of an evolutionary transition between seedless and seed plants?
A)The sperm of some gymnosperms have flagella.
B)Some gymnosperms do not have reduced gametophytes.
C)Gymnosperms only have one integument.
D)The sperm of gymnosperms do not require water or mobility for fertilization.
E)In gymnosperms, two sperm are discharged into the pollen tube. | back 7 A)The sperm of some gymnosperms have flagella.
Although the sperm of seed plants do not require water or mobility, some gymnosperm sperm still retain the ancient flagellated condition. |
front 8 Seeds have advantages over spores. Which of the following is the best statement of this?
A)Seeds are single cells, demanding fewer nutrients from the parent plants.
B)Most seeds are poisonous; therefore, they are not consumed by animals and persist in the environment for long periods of time.
C)Seeds can survive for extended periods of time at reduced metabolic rates.
D)Seeds can survive even in conditions that are unfavorable for the parent plants.
E)Seeds contain embryonic plants, an abundant food supply, and a protective covering. | back 8 E)Seeds contain embryonic plants, an abundant food supply, and a protective covering.
A seed contains a multicellular, well-developed young plant, with embryonic root, stem, and one or more leaves. The seed contains an abundant food supply, nourishing the plant from germination to self-sufficiency. It is protected by a resistant seed coat. Both spores and seeds can live for extended periods of time under harsh conditions, germinating when conditions allow. |
front 9 Which gymnosperm phylum below is characterized by large cones and fern-like leaves and thrived during the Mesozoic?
A)Cycadophyta
B)Gnetophyta
C)Anthopyta
D)Ginkgophyta
E)Coniferophyta | |
front 10 Dietary supplements and decongestants containing ephedrine have recently become more strongly regulated in the United States. Ephedrine is an extract of a plant belonging to which phylum?
A)phylum Cycadophyta
B)phylum Coniferophyta
C)phylum Gnetophyta
D)phylum Ginkgophyta
E)phylum Anthopyta | |
front 11 What significant change occurred on Earth between the Carboniferous period and the Permian period that most likely contributed to the success of the gymnosperms?
A)The climate became drier and warmer.
B)An asteroid hit Earth, leading to mass extinctions that made way for gymnosperms to take over lands where other plants had perished.
C)The breakup of Pangaea changed the flora and fauna of Earth dramatically.
D)Reptiles decreased in diversity and were replaced with amphibians better adapted for seed dispersal.
E)Insects developed flight. | back 11 A)The climate became drier and warmer. |
front 12 What is located in the scalelike structures packed densely in pollen cones?
A)sporangia
B)sporophytes
C)developing pollen tubes
D)megasporocytes
E)developing seedlings | |
front 13 Each pollen grain of a gymnosperm contains a _____.
A)male gametophyte
B)progymnosperm
C)fertilized ovule
D)microsporocyte
E)megasporocyte | |
front 14 In ovulate cones, megasporocytes undergo _____ and produce _____ megaspores.
A)meiosis ... haploid
B)meiosis ... diploid
C)mitosis ... haploid
D)mitosis ... diploid
E)Depending on environmental conditions, any of the listed responses may occur. | |
front 15 In a typical conifer, how long does it take for fertilization to occur after pollination?
A)It takes three years.
B)Pollination occurs after fertilization.
C)It takes one year.
D)The processes are simultaneous.
E)It takes one season. | |
front 16 Which types of angiosperms would most likely be wind-pollinated rather than animal-pollinated?
A)maize and wheat
B)oak and maple trees
C)roses and tiger lilies
D)The first and second responses are correct.
E)None of the listed responses is correct. Plants with flowers are not wind-pollinated | back 16 D)The first and second responses are correct. |
front 17 Like gymnosperms, many grasses and angiosperm trees are wind-pollinated. To conserve energy, these angiosperms do not produce complete flowers (complete flowers have all four of the basic parts). Which part would be unnecessary for wind-pollinated angiosperms?
A)fruits
B)sepals
C)petals
D)anthers
E)ovaries | |
front 18 The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the _____.
A)filament
B)stigma
C)ovary
D)anther
E)style | |
front 19 During pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the _____ to the _____.
A)anther ... stigma
B)carpel ... stigma
C)stigma ... ovary
D)ovary ... anther
E)anther ... sepal | |
front 20 A pea pod is formed from _____. A pea inside the pod is formed from _____.
A)an ovule ... a carpel
B)an ovary ... a pollen grain
C)an anther ... an ovule
D)endosperm ... an ovary
E)an ovary ... an ovule | |
front 21 After fertilization, the _____ develops into a seed and the _____ develops into a fruit.
A)ovary ... ovule
B)ovule ... ovary
C)pollen grain ... ovule
D)egg ... ovule
E)egg ... ovary | |
front 22 Which of the following best describes the function of fruits?
A)to distract herbivores from eating the leaves
B)protection and dispersal of seeds
C)reward for pollinators
D)food storage for the plant to use over the winter
E)Depending on the plant species, any of the listed responses are possible. | back 22 B)protection and dispersal of seeds |
front 23 A plant is said to be cross-pollinated if _____.
A)its source of pollen is a different species of plant
B)it is pollinated by wind
C)it is pollinated by insects
D)pollen grains are transferred from a different flower on the same plant
E)pollen grains are transferred to a flower on a different plant | back 23 D)pollen grains are transferred from a different |
front 24 The pollen tube releases two sperm cells into the embryo sac. The result of this is the _____.
A)union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus and the disintegration of the other sperm nucleus
B)formation of a gametophyte
C)union of the two sperm nuclei, forming a zygote
D)fusion of both sperm nuclei with the egg nucleus and the formation of a triploid zygote
E)union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus and of the other sperm nucleus with two nuclei of the central cell, forming a triploid nucleus called the endosperm | back 24 E)union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus and of the other sperm nucleus with two nuclei of the central cell, forming a triploid nucleus called the endosperm |
front 25 Of the following, which is a difference in how reproduction occurs in gymnosperms compared to angiosperms?
A)Only angiosperms have reduced gametophytes.
B)Only the sperm of angiosperms combine with two central cell nuclei to form triploid endosperm.
C)Only gymnosperms can contain male and female sporangia on the same plant.
D)Only angiosperm pollen grains form pollen tubes.
E)Double fertilization only occurs in gymnosperms. | back 25 B)Only the sperm of angiosperms combine with two central cell nuclei to form triploid endosperm. |
front 26 The triploid nucleus of the embryo sac develops into the _____.
A)endosperm
B)fruit
C)seed
D)carpel
E)embryo | |
front 27 In gymnosperms, the seed coat develops from the integument. In angiosperms, the seed coat develops from the _____.
A)endosperm
B)female gametophyte
C)integuments
D)receptacle
E)ovary wall | |
front 28 The vast majority of angiosperms with two cotyledons formerly classified as _____ are now classified as _____.
A)eudicots ... dicots
B)eudicots ... basal angiosperms
C)monocots ... magnoliids
D)monocots ... dicots
E)dicots ... eudicots | |
front 29 Which of the following characterizes eudicots?
A)two cotyledons, netlike veins, taproot usually present
B)leaves with parallel veins, taproot usually present, vascular bundles arranged in rings
C)one cotyledon, vascular bundles in rings, pollen grains with three openings
D)scattered vascular bundles, netlike veins, floral parts in multiples of five
E)pollen grains with three openings, floral parts in multiples of three, netlike veins | back 29 A)two cotyledons, netlike veins, taproot usually present |
front 30 A bright pink flower with deep floral tubes will most likely be pollinated by which mechanism?
A)birds with long beaks
B)wind
C)bats
D)self-pollination
E)honeybees | |
front 31 Six major crops-wheat, rice, maize, potatoes, cassava, and sweet potatoes-constitute what percentage of all the calories consumed by humans?
A)80%
B)90%
C)30%
D)50%
E)65% | |
front 32 At current rates of deforestation, tropical rain forests will be eliminated in _____ years.
A)200
B)10
C)250
D)1,000
E)50 | |
front 33 Besides the plant tissue that humans ingest, which angiosperm tissue is most directly important for human survival?
A)bark
B)xylem
C)phloem
D)sepals
E)cones | |