front 1 Which of the following is an acellular microorganism lacking a nucleus? a. bacterium b. helminth c. protozoan d. virus | back 1 a. bacterium |
front 2 Which of the following is a microorganism that contains organelles? a. prion b. bacterium c. fungus d. virus | back 2 c. fungus |
front 3 Identify the process or environment in this list that is not affected by microorganisms. a. oxygen cycles b. recycling of dead organisms c. human health d. all of the above have microbial involvement | back 3 d. all of the above have microbial involvement |
front 4 Which of these organisms do not contain DNA? a. helminths b. fungi c. bacteria d. prions | back 4 d. prions |
front 5 Microbes are found in which habitat? a. human body b. earth's crust c. oceans d. all of the above | back 5 d. all of the above |
front 6 Which of the following processes can be the result of human manipulation of microbial genes? a. the central dogma b. natural selection c. bioremediation d. abiogenesis | back 6 c. bioremediation |
front 7 When a hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered a. a law b. a speculation c. a theory d. proven | back 7 c. a theory |
front 8 The fundamental element of life is considered to be _________, as a result of its superior bonding capabilities. a. nitrogen b. oxygen c. carbon d. magnesium phosphate | back 8 c. carbon |
front 9 Which of the following is a macromolecule that assembles into bilayers? a. protein b. phospholipid c. nucleic acid d. carbohydrate | back 9 b. phospholipid |
front 10 Which of the following is used to store energy in cells? a. ATP b. RNA c. DNA d. protein | back 10 a. ATP |
front 11 DNA leads to RNA, which can lead to the creation of a. proteins b. lipids c. cells d. oxygen | back 11 a. proteins |
front 12 RNA plays an important role in what biological process? a. replication b. protein synthesis c. lipid metabolism d. water transport | back 12 b. protein synthesis |
front 13 The first organisms on earth were a. oxygenic b. anoxygenic c. sponges d. multicellular | back 13 b. anoxygenic |
front 14 Nonpolar molecules like benzene cannot be dissolved in a. anything b. polar fluids, like water c. nonpolar fluids, like alcohol d. the lab | back 14 c. nonpolar fluids, like alcohol |
front 15 The identities of microorganisms on our planet a. are mostly known b. have nearly all been identified via microscopy c. have nearly all been identified via culturing techniques d. are still mostly unknown | back 15 d. are still mostly unknown |
front 16 Which of these types of organisms is least likely to be identified to the genus level with light microscopy? a. bacteria b. protozoa c. fungus d. helminth | back 16 a. bacteria |
front 17 A fastidious organism must be grown on what type of medium? a. general purpose medium b. differential medium c. defined medium d. enriched medium | back 17 d. enriched medium |
front 18 Viruses are commonly grown in/on a. animal cells or tissues b. agar plates c. broth cultures d. all of the above | back 18 a. animal cells or tissues |
front 19 Most of the time, microbes in natural circumstances exist a. as single cells b. in relationship with other species c. as single species d. as colonies on agar | back 19 b. in relationship with other species |
front 20 Diagnosis of infections in a hospitalized person usually requires a. microscopy b. culture of samples from the patient c. palpation of the infected area d. two of the above | back 20 b. culture of samples from the patient |
front 21 If a Gram stain result is unclear, which of the following should be considered? a. getting a new sample b. restraining the same sample c. identify of the microbe may actually be gram-variable d. all of the above | back 21 d. all of the above |
front 22 Archaea a. are most genetically related to bacteria b. contain a nucleus c. cannot cause disease in humans d. lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls | back 22 d. lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls |
front 23 Which of the following is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls? a. an outer membrane b. peptidoglycan c. teichoic acid d. lipopolysaccharides | back 23 b. peptidoglycan |
front 24 Bacterial endospores usually function in a. reproduction b. metabolism of nutrients c. survival d. storage | back 24 c. survival |
front 25 Which structure plays a direct role in the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells? a. flagellum b. pilus c. capsule d. fimbria | back 25 b. pilus |
front 26 Nanotubes are extensions of the ________ that can function in _______. a. membrane, genetic exchange b. pilus, genetic exchange c. flagellum, motility d. membrane, nutrient transfer | back 26 d. membrane, nutrient transfer |
front 27 Find the true statement about biofilms. a. They are found only in outdoor environments b. They are found only on artificial medical implants c. They consist of many representatives of a single bacterial species d. They complicate the treatment of some infections | back 27 d. They complicate the treatment of some infections |
front 28 Mitochondria likely originated from a. archaea b. invagination of the cell membrane c. the LCA d. chloroplasts | back 28 a. archaea |
front 29 Yeasts are ______ fungi, and molds are ______ fungi. a. macroscopic; microscopic b. unicellular; filamentous c. motile; nonmotile d. water; terrestrial | back 29 b. unicellular; filamentous |
front 30 The Golgi apparatus a. receives vesicles from the mitochondria b. packages products into transitional vesicles c. modifies proteins d. synthesize proteins and sterols | back 30 c. modifies proteins |
front 31 Fungi produce which structures for reproduction and multiplication? a. endospores b. cysts c. spores d. eggs | back 31 c. spores |
front 32 Which of these organisms has the best potential to survive in extreme environments? a. fungus b. trophozoite form of protozoa c. helminth d. yeast | back 32 a. fungus |
front 33 Which of these groups now causes more deaths on an annual basis globally than breast cancer? a. helminths b. protozoa c. fungi d. algae | back 33 c. fungi |
front 34 Which of the following would be most useful to determine whether a clinical isolate is a bacterium, fungus, or protozoan? a. its size and shape under a light microscope b. whether it has a cell wall c. whether it can form protective structures under stress d. all of the above are reliable | back 34 a. its size and shape under a light microscope |
front 35 _____% of human DNA is thought to consist of viral DNA sequences. a. 0 b. 100 c. 10-20 d. 40-80 | back 35 d. 40-80 |
front 36 The host cells that viruses can infect are determined by the a. receptors on the host cells b. DNA in host cells c. proximity of host cells d. concentration of host cells in vicinity | back 36 a. receptors on the host cells |
front 37 The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are a. adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release b. endocytosis, uncoating, replication, assembly, and budding c. adsorption, uncoating, duplication, assemble, and penetration d. endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, and exocytosis | back 37 a. adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release |
front 38 When phage nucleic acid is incorporated into the nucleic acid of its host cell and is replicated whent eh host DNA is replicated, this is considered part of which cycle? a. lytic cycle b. virulence cycle c. lysogenic cycle d. cell cycle e. multiplication cycle | back 38 c. lysogenic cycle |
front 39 A virus that undergoes lysogeny is a/an a. temperate phage b. intermediate phage c. T-even phage d. animal virus e. DNA virus | back 39 a. temperate phage |
front 40 Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infection are called a. plaques b. pocks c. colonies d. prions | back 40 a. plaques |
front 41 Which descriptors are likely to have applied to the earliest microbes on the planet? a. chemoautotrophic b. thermophilic c. chemoheterotrophic d. two of the above | back 41 d. two of the above |
front 42 Which of the following is true of passive transport? a. it requires a gradient b. it uses the cell call c. it includes endocytosis d. it only moves water | back 42 a. it requires a gradient |
front 43 An organism that can synthesize all of its requires organic components from CO2 using energy from the sun is a a. photoautotroph b. photoheterotroph c. chemoautotroph d. chemoheterotroph | back 43 a. photoautotroph |
front 44 Most bacteria increase their numbers by a. sexual reproduction b. hyphae formation c. binary fission d. endocytosis | back 44 c. binary fission |
front 45 A cell exposed to a hypertonic environment will ______ by osmosis. a. gain water b. lose water c. neither gain nor lose water d. burst | back 45 b. lose water |
front 46 A pathogen would most accurately be described as a a. parasite b. commensal c. symbiont d. saprobe | back 46 a. parasite |
front 47 In a viable count, each ____ represents a ____ from the sample population. a. CFU, colony b. colony, CFU c. hour, generation d. cell, generation | back 47 b. colony, CFU |
front 48 The electron transport system in bacteria is located on the __________ and in eukaryotic cells on the _________. a. plastid, chloroplast b. cytoplasmic membrane, mitochondrion c. cell wall, mitochondrion d. mitochondrion, cytoplasmic membrane | back 48 b. cytoplasmic membrane, mitochondrion |
front 49 Many coenzymes are formed from a. metals b. vitamins c. proteins d. substrates | back 49 a. metals |
front 50 Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic reactions in the form of a. ADP b. high energy ATP bonds c. coenzymes d. inorganic phosphate | back 50 b. high energy ATP bonds |
front 51 Enzyme action can be blocked by competitive molecules binding in the active site, by repressors binding in a distant site, and by a. product binding to the DNA used to make enzymes b. substrates being in high concentration c. incorrect temperature conditions d. two of the above | back 51 d. two of the above |
front 52 Enzymes that can be shut down or activated based on the presence of chemicals in their environment are called a. constitutive b. repressed c. holoenzymes d. regulated | back 52 d. regulated |
front 53 The type of microbial metabolic pathway that is most often exploited to make acids and alcohols industrially is a. aerobic respiration b. anaerobic respiration c. fermentation d. none of the above | back 53 c. fermentation |
front 54 Which of the following is true? a. the suffix -ase indicates an enzyme b. often enzymes are named for the substrates they act upon c. enzymes are larger than their substrates d. all of the above are true | back 54 d. all of the above are true |