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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

16 notecards = 4 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Transcription and Translation

front 1

transcription

back 1

the process of copying a DNA gene into mRNA

takes place in the nucleus

product: mRNA

front 2

translation

back 2

the process of decoding the mRNA codons to build a protein

takes place in at the ribosome in the cytoplasm

front 3

mRNA

back 3

messenger RNA

carries the directions to build a protein

front 4

tRNA

back 4

transfer RNA

carries the amino acid to the right spot on the mRNA during translation

top: amino acid

bottom: anticodon

front 5

rRNA

back 5

ribosomal RNA

makes up the ribosome

front 6

Differences between RNA And DNA

back 6

DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose

DNA contains A,G,T,C, RNA contains A, U,G, C

DNA : double helix, RNA comes in mRNA ,tRNA , rRNA

DNA double stranded, RNA single stranded

front 7

codon

back 7

sequence of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that codes for one amino acid

front 8

anticodon

back 8

section on tRNA that pairs with an mRNA codon

front 9

mRNA processing

back 9

the pre-mRNA has the introns cut out, the exons spliced together and a 5'methyl cap added at one end and a 3' poly A tail at the other

front 10

RNA polymerase

back 10

the enzyme that copies DNA into mRNA

front 11

mutation

back 11

change to the DNA

front 12

point mutation

back 12

when one nucleotide in the sequence is changed, many times it is a substitution

front 13

frameshift mutation

back 13

more dangerous mutation

usually an addition or deletion in the DNA sequence, changes the way the mRNA codons are read.

front 14

3 Steps to Translation

back 14

Initiation: mRNA binds to ribosome

Elongation: amino acids are added to grow the polypeptide chain

Termination: when the ribosome reaches the stop signal

front 15

genetic overlap

back 15

the idea that more than one codon codes for the same amino acid.

front 16

peptide bond

back 16

bond formed between two amino acids