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PCB 3063: Genetics

front 1

The structures within all living cells that contain the genetic material are called

back 1

chromosomes

front 2

Which of the following are the major components of a chromosome?

back 2

Protein, DNA

front 3

A chromosome contains a very long segment of_______ , which is bound to _____that provide structure.

back 3

DNA , Proteins

front 4

What is chromatin?

back 4

A complex between DNA and proteins that is found in eukaryotic cells

front 5

Which term best describes organisms whose chromosomes are not contained within a membrane-bound nucleus?

back 5

prokaryotes

front 6

The ____of a prokaryotic cell is the region of cytoplasm that contains the chromosome.

back 6

Nucleotid

front 7

Chromosomes are best defined as ______.

back 7

the structures within living cells that contain the genetic material

front 8

In this figure of a bacterial cell, which of the following labels are correctly matched with their appropriate structures?

back 8

Answer: C, E

front 9

back 9

Chromatin

front 10

Prokaryotes, which include the _____ and the ______, are organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

back 10

Bacteria, Archaea

front 11

Prokaryotes usually have a single type of circular chromosome in a region of the cytoplasm called the ______.

back 11

nucleoid

front 12

Which of the following are eukaryotes?

back 12

Fungi

Protists

Plants

front 13

back 13

front 14

This diagram depicts a eukaryotic cell. Match the letter to the correct structure.

back 14

front 15

Which term best describes organisms whose chromosomes are not contained within a membrane-bound nucleus?

back 15

prokaryotes

front 16

An organelle is ______.

back 16

a structure within the cytoplasm with a specific function.

front 17

Organisms, such as protists and fungi, that have a true nucleus are called

back 17

Eukaryotes

front 18

The _____of a eukaryote is the organelle that contains most of the genetic material found in the cell.

back 18

nucleus

front 19

Which of the following organelles contain their own DNA?

back 19

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

front 20

In this figure of a eukaryotic cell, which of the following labels are correctly matched with their appropriate structures?

back 20

C = Lysosome

A = Mitochondrion

B = Centriole

front 21

What is cytogenetics?

back 21

The field of genetics that involves the microscopic examination of chromosomes.

front 22

In eukaryotes, ______are membrane-bound structures that have specific functions.

back 22

Organelles

front 23

Which of the following best describes the nucleus?

back 23

An organelle of eukaryotes that is surrounded by two membranes.

front 24

In general, the chromosome number of a particular species ______.

back 24

is the same for all individuals of the species

front 25

In addition to the nucleus, eukaryotic organelles called the____ and the ____contain a small amount of their own DNA.

back 25

mitochondria,Chloroplast

front 26

The following are steps used in the procedure for making a karyotype. Arrange them in order, starting with the first step at the top.

back 26

front 27

The field of genetics that involves the microscopic examination of chromosomes is called .

back 27

cytogeneticist

front 28

Which is the best definition of a karyotype?

back 28

An organized representation of the chromosomes within a cell

front 29

True or false: Most eukaryotic species are haploid or have such a phase as a significant part of their life cycle.

back 29

False

front 30

Organisms, such as protists and fungi, that have a true nucleus are called

back 30

Eukaryotes

front 31

A diploid cell is defined as a cell that has ______.

back 31

two sets of chromosomes

front 32

True or false: Each species has a particular chromosome composition.

back 32

True

front 33

The procedure for making a karyotype includes all of the following steps except______.

back 33

front 34

A normal human somatic cell carries ______ pairs of chromosomes for a total of ______.

back 34

23 ; 46

front 35

An organized representation of the chromosomes within a cell is called a(n)

back 35

Karyotype

front 36

Which of the following statements about eukaryotes is true?

back 36

Most eukaryotic species are diploid or have a diploid phase to their life cycle.

front 37

In a ______ cell, each type of chromosome is a member of a pair.

back 37

diploid

front 38

In a diploid cell, each member of a pair of chromosomes is called a(n) ______.

back 38

homolog

front 39

The two members of a homologous pair of chromosomes may carry different versions of a given gene, which are called ____

back 39

Alleles

front 40

Insert a number into the blank: Most human somatic cells contain a total of chromosomes.

back 40

46

front 41

The position of a gene on a chromosome, such as gene A in the image, is called its ______.

back 41

locus

front 42

Unicellular prokaryotic organisms proliferate by ____ reproduction, in which a preexisting cell divides to produce two new cells.

back 42

Asexual

front 43

Each type of chromosome in a diploid cell is found in a homologous pair. Each chromosome in such a pair is referred to as a(n)

back 43

Homologos

front 44

Most bacterial cells divide by ______.

back 44

binary fission

front 45

______ are different versions of the same gene.

back 45

Alleles

front 46

The eukaryotic cell cycle is composed of ______ phases called ______.

back 46

four; G1, G2, S, and M

front 47

A(n)____ refers to the physical location of a gene.

back 47

Locus

front 48

Which of the following best describes asexual reproduction?

back 48

A mother cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells

front 49

Which of the following are part of interphase?

back 49

S

G2

G1

front 50

This figure shows a bacterium reproducing asexually by a process known as

back 50

binary fission

front 51

A cell, such as most nerve cells in an adult mammal that will never divide again, is in the ______ phase.

back 51

G0

front 52

Eukaryotic cells that are destined to divide progress through G1, S, G2, and M phases, which are collectively known as the

back 52

Cell cycle

front 53

The following is a diagram of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Match the letter to the appropriate phase.

back 53

front 54

In mitosis, the restriction point is ______.

back 54

the time in the G1 phase at which the cell becomes “committed” to the cell cycle

front 55

In actively dividing cells, the G1, S, and G2 phases are collectively known as

back 55

Interphase

front 56

After replication, each chromosome consists of two copies called

back 56

Chromatids

front 57

Which of the following phases of the cell cycle is considered a "resting" stage, where cells can remain permanently, or for long periods of time?

back 57

G0

front 58

This figure depicts the cell cycle in eukaryotes, including the M phase. Match the letter to the appropriate phase.

back 58

front 59

back 59

front 60

Late in the G1 phase, many cell types become committed to progress through the rest of the cell cycle. When this occurs, the cell has reached a(n)

back 60

Restriction point

front 61

A pair of sister chromatids is also called a ______.

back 61

dyad

front 62

The centromere is a ______.

back 62

region of the chromosome where the sister chromatids join

front 63

The two copies of a replicated chromosome are called ______.

back 63

sister chromatids

front 64

The kinetochore serves which of the following functions?

back 64

It aids in chromosome sorting during mitosis.

front 65

A cell, such as most nerve cells in an adult mammal that will never divide again, is in the ______ phase.

back 65

G0

front 66

The box in this karyotype highlights which of the following?

back 66

A pair of homologous chromosomes

front 67

A monad can be described as ______.

back 67

an unreplicated chromosome

front 68

The two chromatids of a chromosome are joined together at a region of DNA called the

back 68

centromere

front 69

When S phase is completed, a cell has _______ in the G1 phase.

back 69

twice as many chromatids as chromosomes

front 70

The ____is a protein-complex that is bound to the centromere, and which plays a key role in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

back 70

kinetochore

front 71

This diagram shows a pair of .

back 71

sister chromatids

front 72

After a mitotic division is complete, a daughter cell has 40 chromosomes. Which of the following best describes the chromosome composition of the mother cell in the G2 phase?

back 72

no data

front 73

The term that can refer to either a dyad (pair of sister chromatids) or a monad (single chromatid) is a(n)

back 73

chromosome

front 74

The primary purpose of mitosis is to ______.

back 74

distribute the replicated chromosomes equally into the two daughter cells