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    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
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37 notecards = 10 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Cells: History, Types and Structures

front 1

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

back 1

First person to see organisms in pond water, from mouth scrapings.

Built a simple microscope

front 2

Robert Hook

back 2

Built microscopes

First person to use the work "Cell" after observing cork under his microscope

front 3

Robert Brown

back 3

First person to observe and identify the nucleus of the cell

front 4

Schleiden and Schwann

back 4

Team of scientists that identified that plants and animals were all made up of cells.

front 5

Rudolph Virchow

back 5

His studies noted that all cells come from pre-existing cells

front 6

The Cell Theory

back 6

  1. All living things are composed of cells.
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

front 7

Prokaryotic cells

back 7

small, simple cells that lack a nucleus and other organelles

DNA strands are loose and located in the nucleoid region floating in the cytoplasm

only bacteria

front 8

Eukaryotic cells

back 8

large, complex cells

have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

found in protists, fungi, plants and animals.

front 9

endosymbiont theory

back 9

  • Prokaryotic cell was engulfed by a eukaryotic cell.
  • Mitochondria and chloroplasts

front 10

Structures common to prokaryotes and eukaryotes

back 10

cell membrane

cytoplasm

ribosomes

front 11

cell membrane

back 11

composed of phospholipid bilayer, proteins and cholesterolf

controls what goes in and out of the cell

Fluid Mosaic Model

Semi-permeable

front 12

Phospholipid

back 12

main structure of the cell membrane

has a polar head: hydrophillic

non polar tails : hydrophobic

front 13

Channel Protein

back 13

protein in cell membrane that allows charged molecules into/out of the cell

front 14

Receptor Protein

back 14

protein in the cell membrane responsible for communication between cells

Receives information and transmits message to cell

front 15

Marker protein

back 15

membrane protein that identifies that the cell belongs to that organism

front 16

Cell Wall

back 16

extra barrier of support and protection

Protects the cell from pressure (prevents bursting)

Plants: cellulose

Fungi: chitin

Bacteria: Peptidoglycan

front 17

Ribosomes

back 17

cell structures that manufacture proteins

Small and large subunits fit together to function

free ribosomes float in cytoplasm

attached ribosomes attached to RER

front 18

Cytoplasm

back 18

the jelly-like substance that makes up the bulk of the interior of a cell.

Holds the cell structures and aids in movement within the cell

front 19

Nucleus

back 19

control center in eukaryotic cells

houses the DNA, directs cell activities

has nuclear envelope with pores

front 20

nucleolus

back 20

located inside the nucleus

manufactures ribosomes

front 21

mitochondria

back 21

powerhouse of the cell

produces ATP through Cellular Respiration

has cristae (ruffled folds inside) that help in production of ATP

front 22

chloroplast

back 22

found in plants and algae

uses energy from the sun to build food for the plant (photosynthesis)

front 23

lysosome

back 23

membrane that encloses digestive enzymes

breaks up waste material in the cell

front 24

Golgi Body

back 24

flattened stack of membranes that modify and package proteins

produce lysosomes

front 25

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

back 25

membrane network in cell that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs

front 26

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

back 26

membrane network that has attached ribosomes and manufactures proteins

front 27

centrioles

back 27

structures found in animal cells that help separate chromosomes during mitosis

front 28

cytoskeleton

back 28

framework in the cell made of microfilaments and microtubules

Helps give shape to the cell and aid in movement of materials

front 29

vacuole

back 29

storage sac in cells

animals have very few, small vacuoles

Plants typically have a large central vacuole holds water

front 30

amyloplast

back 30

organelle in plants that stores starch

front 31

cilia

back 31

tiny hair like projections on a cell that move materials around the cell

typically occur in large numbers

front 32

flagella (flagellum)

back 32

whip like structure that propels unicellular organisms

can be found in some prokaryotes and some eukaryotes

front 33

capsule

back 33

outer sticky layer on some prokaryotes that offers protection and helps them to adhere to surfaces

front 34

pili

back 34

structures on prokaryotes that help them to attach to surfaces or exchange genetic material

front 35

plasmid

back 35

extra circular piece of DNA (may contain genes for antibiotic resistance)

front 36

unicellular

back 36

composed of one cell

front 37

multicellular

back 37

composed of more than one cell