front 1 The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the
| back 1 spleen |
front 2 The cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the ________ cell.
| back 2 T helper |
front 3 The thymus produces several complementary hormones called
| back 3 thymosins |
front 4 If the thymus shrank and stopped functioning properly, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of
| back 4 T cells |
front 5 Lymphocyte production does not occur in
| back 5 the liver |
front 6 Name the lymphoid tissue that protects epithelia lining the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts. (Module 20.5A) lacteals mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue tonsils interferons lymph nodes | back 6 Mucus-associated lymphoid tissue, (MALT) |
front 7 Identify the three main classes of lymphocytes. (Module 20.4A)
| back 7 B cell , T cell, Natural Killer cell |
front 8 Regulatory T cells act to
| back 8 suppress antigens |
front 9 ________ cells enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly if the same antigen is encountered a second time.
| back 9 memory |
front 10 The cells directly responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the ________ cells.
| back 10 T cells |
front 11 If you observed a higher-than-normal number of plasma cells in a sample of lymph, would you expect antibody levels in the blood to be higher or lower than normal? (Module 20.17C) | back 11 plasma cells produce antibodies so you would expect antibody levels would be higher than normal |
front 12 Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by
| back 12 specific immunity (acquired) |
front 13 Which type of immunity develops when a child is given the polio vaccine? (Module 20.14B)
| back 13 artificially acquired active immunity |
front 14 What types of immunity are stimulated by antigen presentation? (Module 20.15D)
| back 14 cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity |
front 15 What is the difference between a lymphocyte and lymph? (Module 20.1A) | back 15 a lymphocyte is the primary cell of the lymphatic system. lymph is the interstitial fluid that has entered a lymphatic vessels |
front 16 The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except
| back 16 the vena cavae |
front 17 Name the two large lymphatic vessels into which the lymphatic trunks empty. (Module 20.3B)
| back 17 right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct |
front 18 What is the function of lymphatic vessels? (Module 20.2A)
| back 18 the function of lymphatic vessels is to transport lymph fro peripheral tissues to the venous system |
front 19 Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, which are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are
| back 19 IgM |
front 20 Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are
| back 20 allergies |
front 21 Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are
| back 21 IgG |
front 22 Which chemicals do mast cells and basophils release when stimulated in an allergic reaction? (Module 20.20B)
| back 22 histamine, leukotrienes, and other chemicals that cause inflammation |
front 23 An allergen circulating in the bloodstream affects mast cells throughout the body, dropping blood pressure to dangerously low levels. This response is termed
| back 23 anaphylactic shock |
front 24 Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as mucus, saliva, and tears are
| back 24 IgA |
front 25 Which cells produce antibodies? (Module 20.21B)
| back 25 plasma cells |
front 26 The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes the disease known as AIDS, selectively infects ________ cells.
| back 26 Helper T cells |
front 27 In response to tissue damage and infection, circulating proteins called pyrogens
| back 27 produce a fever |
front 28 The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized, is called
| back 28 opsonization |
front 29 Distinguish between innate immunity and adaptive immunity. (Module 20.8A | back 29 innate immunity is nonspecific and does not distinguish one type of threat from another. Adaptive immunity is specific and protects against particular threats |
front 30 The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the | back 30 phagocytes |
front 31 The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following except
| back 31 inhibition of the immune response |
front 32 What is the effect of histamine release? (Module 20.12C) | back 32 histamine increases local inflammation, increasing blood flow to the area |
front 33 Describe inflammation. (Module 20.13A) | back 33 inflammation is a localized response to injury characterized by redness, swelling, heat and pain |
front 34 Define immune surveillance. (Module 20.11A) | back 34 immune surveillance is the constant monitoring of normal tissue by NK cells sensitive to abnormal antigens on the surfaces of cells |
front 35 In opsonization,
| back 35 A pathogen is coated by protein to facilitate its destruction by neutrophils and macrophages |
front 36 Which cells are involved in inflammation?(Module 20.19C)
| back 36 Basophils and mast cells |
front 37 The process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes, is called
| back 37 Agglutination |
front 38 Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with
| back 38 Blood vessel |
front 39 The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the
| back 39 Right breast |
front 40 Define interferons. (Module 20.12A)
| back 40 Interferons are small protein released by virus infected cells that trigger the production of antiviral proteins |
front 41 Nonspecific defenses would not include
| back 41 Antibodies |
front 42 Which cells are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity? (Module 20.4C)
| back 42 B cells |
front 43 A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n)
| back 43 Antigen |
front 44 Describe red pulp and white pulp found in the spleen. (Module 20.7B) | back 44 Red pulp contains large number of red blood cells; white pulp resembles lymphoid nodules and contains lymphocytes |
front 45 Lymphocytes
| back 45 Respond to antigen |
front 46 Regulatory T cells act to
| back 46 Suppress antigens |
front 47 Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity. | back 47 Naturally acquired active immunity |
front 48 Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity. | back 48 Naturally acquired passive immunity |
front 49 The cells responsible for producing antibody molecules are ________ cells. | back 49 Plasma |
front 50 A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n) | back 50 Antigen |
front 51 _______ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. | back 51 Tonsils |
front 52 _______ are clusters of lymphoid nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine. | back 52 Payer’s patches |
front 53 Autoantibodies are | back 53 Directed against the body’s own antigens |
front 54 Destruction of antigens or cell lysis can be caused by all of the following except | back 54 Helper T cells |
front 55 How do NK cells detect cancer cells? (Module 20.11B) | back 55 NK cells recognize cancer cells by the tumor specific antigens on the plasma membranes of cancer cells |
front 56 The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells. | back 56 NK cells |
front 57 The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the complement protein binds to | back 57 An antibody |
front 58 Nonspecific defenses would not include | back 58 Antibodies |
front 59 Define chemotaxis. (Module 20.10B) | back 59 Chemotaxis is the phagocyte movement in response to chemical stimuli |
front 60 What structure prevents the backflow of lymph in some lymphatic vessels? (Module 20.2C) | back 60 Valves |
front 61 The lymphocytes are most important in | back 61 Fighting infections |