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Viewing:

Lab 7: Overview of Skeleton

front 1

What is the:
Hard, calcified, and matrix containing many collagen fibers

back 1

Osseous connective tissue
aka bone

front 2

Osteocytes lie in

back 2

Lacunae

front 3

Bones are very well ____________

back 3

vascularized

front 4

The framework of the body is

back 4

skeleton

front 5

The skeleton is constructed of 2 of the most supportive tissues in the human body

back 5

cartilage and bone

front 6

The skeleton is predominately composed of
___________ : in embryo
___________ : in adults

back 6

hyaline cartilage

rigid bones

front 7

Cartilage persists only in __________ areas.

back 7

Isolated.
(external ears, bridge of nose, larynx, trachea, joints, and parts of the rib cage)

front 8

Bones are connected at the __________ or _________.

back 8

joints or articulation

front 9

skeleton is subdivided into 2 groups

back 9

axial and appendicular

front 10

How many bones are found in an adult body?

back 10

206 (WOAHHH!)

front 11

Skeletons are composed of 2 basic tissues that differ in texture:

back 11

Compact and Spongy

front 12

texture of compact bone

back 12

Smooth and homogeneous

front 13

What are spongy bones composed of?

back 13

small trabeculae (bars) of bones
and lots of open space

front 14

4 groups of bones:

back 14

long
short
irregular
flat

front 15

General characterstics of Long bone:
- much _________ than they are wide.
- consists of _______ with heads at either ____.
- composed predominantly of _________ bone.

back 15

- much LONGER than they are WIDE.
- consists of SHAFTS with HEADS at either ENDS.
- composed predominantly of COMPACT bone.

front 16

Short bones are typically _______ shaped.
Contain more _____ bone than compact bone.

back 16

- cube
- spongy

front 17

Flat bones are generally thin.
They have 2 wafer-like layers which is composed of:

back 17

2 layers of compact bones with a layer of spongy bone in between.

front 18

Although flat bone implies a flat surface, many bones are ________.

back 18

curved

front 19

Bones that do not fall into the long, short or flat category, fit into _________

back 19

irregular bones

front 20

special types of short bones formed in tendons are called ___________

back 20

sesamoid bone

front 21

tiny bones found between cranial bones are called ________ or wormian

back 21

sutural bones or wormian

front 22

the markings on the bone reveal:

- where the bones form ______ with other bones,
- where muscles, tendons, and ligaments were ______,
- where __________ and __________ passed

back 22

- where the bones form joints with other bones,
- where muscles, tendons, and ligaments were attached,
- where blood vessels and nerves passed

front 23

Anatomy of a long bone:

- Shaft is called - ___________

back 23

- diaphysis

front 24

- A fibrous membrane covering the bone surface -________

back 24

periosteum

front 25

- Fibers of the periosteum penetrating into the bone- ___________________________

back 25

Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

front 26

Blood vessel and nerves travel through the ___________ and invade the bone

back 26

periosteum

front 27

- end of the long bone - _____________________

back 27

epiphysis

front 28

- A glassy hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum - _________________

back 28

articular cartilage

front 29

Articular cartilage prevents _________ at joint surfaces.

back 29

friction

front 30

A thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudal growth of the bone during youth.

back 30

Epiphyseal plate

front 31

Once the bone has stopped growing, the plates are replaced with bone and appear as thin and barely discernible remnants-

back 31

Epiphyseal line

front 32

In adults, The central cavity or the medullary cavity of the shaft is a storage region for adipose tissue or _____________ marrow

back 32

yellow marrow

front 33

In infants, the central cavity or the medullary cavity of the shaft is involved in forming blood cells, so __________ marrow is found.

back 33

red marrow

front 34

In adults the red marrow is confined to the interior of ___________.

back 34

Epiphyses (occupies the spaces b/w the trabeculae of spongy bone)

front 35

Endosteum covers the -
__________ of spongy bones
lines the canals of _________ bone

back 35

trabeculae
canals of compact bone

front 36

Periosteum and Endosteum both contains ___________ and ____________.

back 36

Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

front 37

An abnormally thin epiphyseal plate indicates growth ________

back 37

retardation

front 38

The hardness of the bone is due to the inorganic ___________ salts deposited in its ground substances

back 38

Inorganic calcium salts

front 39

Bones flexibity comes from the _________ elements f the matrix

back 39

organic elements of the matrix.
(collagen fibers)

front 40

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

A canal that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels through the bony matrix

back 40

Central (Harversian) Canal

front 41

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

- mature bone cells: ___________
- the mature bone cells are located in chambers called: ____________

back 41

osteocytes

lacunae

front 42

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

Lacunae are arranged in concentric circles around the central canal

back 42

circumferential lamellae

front 43

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

A central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it are referred to as ______ or _________ system

back 43

Osteon or Haversian system

front 44

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

Tiny canals radiating outward from a central canal to the lacunae of the first lamella and then from lamella to lamella.

back 44

Canalicli

front 45

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

Canals that run into the compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum at right angle to the shaft

back 45

Perforating (Volkmann's) Canal

front 46

Location of Articular cartilage

back 46

covers the bone ends at movable joints

front 47

Location of Costal cartilage

back 47

found connecting the ribs to the sternum (breastbone)

front 48

Location of Laryngeal cartilage

back 48

largely constructs the larynx (voice box)

front 49

Location of Tracheal and Bronchial cartilages

back 49

reinforces other passageway of the respiratory system

front 50

Location of Nasal cartilages

back 50

supports the external nose

front 51

Location of Invertebral discs

back 51

seperates and cushions the vertebrae

front 52

Cartilage tissues contain NO ____________ or __________

back 52

nerves or blood vessels

front 53

Cartilage is surrounded by a covering of dense connective tissue called a _____________

back 53

perichondrium

front 54

Perichondrium resists __________________ and also plays a role in _______ and __________.

back 54

distortion (under pressure)
growth and development

front 55

3 types of Cartilage tissues

back 55

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

front 56

Cartilage tissue that looks like frosted glass.
Most abundant.
Provides sturdy support.

back 56

Hyaline cartilage

front 57

Cartilage tissue that is known as "hyaline cartilage with more elastic fibers."
More flexible than hyaline cartilage.
Cartilages of external ears and epiglottis.

back 57

Elastic cartilage

front 58

Fibrocartilage consists of rows of __________ alternating with rows of thick _________ ________.

back 58

rows of CHONDROCYTES and rows of thick COLLAGEN FIBERS

front 59

Fibrocartilage tissue looks like a hybrid of 2 types of tissues...

back 59

CARTILAGE and DENSE REGULAR CONN. TISSUE

front 60

Why are fibrocartilages used to contruct the invertebral discs and cartilages within the knee joints?

back 60

they have great tensile strength and withstand heavy compression

front 61

back 61

front 62

What color are the Axial bones represented in this picture?
What about Appendicular bones?

back 62

Axial- Green
Appendicular- Tan

front 63

Identify the parts.

back 63

front 64

back 64

front 65

back 65

front 66

back 66

front 67

Identify the parts of the long bone

back 67

front 68

A 3-D view of spongy bone and compact bone of the Epiphysis

back 68

front 69

back 69

front 70

back 70

front 71

back 71

front 72

Projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachments.

back 72

tuberosity
crest
trochanter
line
tubercle
epicondyle
spine
process

front 73

Large rounded projection; may be roughened.

back 73

Tuberosity

front 74

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

back 74

Crest

front 75

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

back 75

Trochanter

front 76

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than crest

back 76

Line

front 77

Small rounded projection or process

back 77

Tubercle

front 78

Raised area, on or above a condyle

back 78

Epicondyle

front 79

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

back 79

Spine

front 80

Projections that help to form joints

back 80

Head
Facet
Condyle
Ramus

front 81

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

back 81

Head

front 82

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

back 82

Facet

front 83

Rounded articular projection

back 83

Condyle

front 84

Armlike bar of bone

back 84

Ramus

front 85

space within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

back 85

Sinus

front 86

Depressions and openings allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

back 86

Meatus
Fossa
Groove
Fissure
Foramen

front 87

canal- like passageway

back 87

Meatus

front 88

Shallow, basin- like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

back 88

fossa

front 89

furrow

back 89

groove

front 90

narrow, slitlike opening

back 90

Fissure

front 91

Round or oval opening through a bone

back 91

foramen

front 92

The 4 major anatomical classifications of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular.
Which category has the least amount of spongy bone relative to its total volume?

back 92

Long bone

front 93

Femur, Humerus, Tibia, Fibula,Radius, Ulna, Metacarpals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges are examples of ________ bone.

back 93

Long bone

front 94

carpals and tarsals are ____ bones.

back 94

Short

front 95

Scapula, Sternum, Cranium, Coxal, Pelvis, and Ribs are ________ bones

back 95

Flat

front 96

Vertebrae, sacrum, and mandible are ______ bones

back 96

Irregular

front 97

Periosteum is the attachement point of what.

back 97

tendons and ligaments thru tendons and ligaments

front 98

Route taken by nutrients through a bone starting with periosteum and ending with osteocytes

back 98

Periosteum -> Perforating canals -> central canals -> canaliculi -> Lancunae -> Osteocytes

front 99

organic matrix in bone gives bone...

back 99

flexibility and strength

front 100

inorganic material in bone gives bone...

back 100

hardness and compressional strength