Lab 7: Overview of Skeleton Flashcards

What is the:
Hard, calcified, and matrix containing many collagen fibers

Osteocytes lie in

Bones are very well ____________

The framework of the body is

The skeleton is constructed of 2 of the most supportive tissues in the human body

The skeleton is predominately composed of
___________ : in embryo
___________ : in adults

Cartilage persists only in __________ areas.

Bones are connected at the __________ or _________.

skeleton is subdivided into 2 groups

How many bones are found in an adult body?

Skeletons are composed of 2 basic tissues that differ in texture:

texture of compact bone

What are spongy bones composed of?

4 groups of bones:

General characterstics of Long bone:
- much _________ than they are wide.
- consists of _______ with heads at either ____.
- composed predominantly of _________ bone.

Short bones are typically _______ shaped.
Contain more _____ bone than compact bone.

Flat bones are generally thin.
They have 2 wafer-like layers which is composed of:

Although flat bone implies a flat surface, many bones are ________.

Bones that do not fall into the long, short or flat category, fit into _________

special types of short bones formed in tendons are called ___________

tiny bones found between cranial bones are called ________ or wormian

the markings on the bone reveal:

- where the bones form ______ with other bones,
- where muscles, tendons, and ligaments were ______,
- where __________ and __________ passed

Anatomy of a long bone:

- Shaft is called - ___________

- A fibrous membrane covering the bone surface -________

- Fibers of the periosteum penetrating into the bone- ___________________________

Blood vessel and nerves travel through the ___________ and invade the bone

- end of the long bone - _____________________

- A glassy hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum - _________________

Articular cartilage prevents _________ at joint surfaces.

A thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudal growth of the bone during youth.

Once the bone has stopped growing, the plates are replaced with bone and appear as thin and barely discernible remnants-

In adults, The central cavity or the medullary cavity of the shaft is a storage region for adipose tissue or _____________ marrow

In infants, the central cavity or the medullary cavity of the shaft is involved in forming blood cells, so __________ marrow is found.

In adults the red marrow is confined to the interior of ___________.

Endosteum covers the -
__________ of spongy bones
lines the canals of _________ bone

Periosteum and Endosteum both contains ___________ and ____________.

An abnormally thin epiphyseal plate indicates growth ________

The hardness of the bone is due to the inorganic ___________ salts deposited in its ground substances

Bones flexibity comes from the _________ elements f the matrix

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

A canal that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels through the bony matrix

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

- mature bone cells: ___________
- the mature bone cells are located in chambers called: ____________

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

Lacunae are arranged in concentric circles around the central canal

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

A central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it are referred to as ______ or _________ system

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

Tiny canals radiating outward from a central canal to the lacunae of the first lamella and then from lamella to lamella.

Identify the microscopic structures of compact bone:

Canals that run into the compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum at right angle to the shaft

Location of Articular cartilage

Location of Costal cartilage

Location of Laryngeal cartilage

Location of Tracheal and Bronchial cartilages

Location of Nasal cartilages

Location of Invertebral discs

Cartilage tissues contain NO ____________ or __________

Cartilage is surrounded by a covering of dense connective tissue called a _____________

Perichondrium resists __________________ and also plays a role in _______ and __________.

3 types of Cartilage tissues

Cartilage tissue that looks like frosted glass.
Most abundant.
Provides sturdy support.

Cartilage tissue that is known as "hyaline cartilage with more elastic fibers."
More flexible than hyaline cartilage.
Cartilages of external ears and epiglottis.

Fibrocartilage consists of rows of __________ alternating with rows of thick _________ ________.

Fibrocartilage tissue looks like a hybrid of 2 types of tissues...

Why are fibrocartilages used to contruct the invertebral discs and cartilages within the knee joints?

What color are the Axial bones represented in this picture?
What about Appendicular bones?

Identify the parts.

Identify the parts of the long bone

A 3-D view of spongy bone and compact bone of the Epiphysis

Projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachments.

Large rounded projection; may be roughened.

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than crest

Small rounded projection or process

Raised area, on or above a condyle

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Projections that help to form joints

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Rounded articular projection

Armlike bar of bone

space within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Depressions and openings allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

canal- like passageway

Shallow, basin- like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

furrow

narrow, slitlike opening

Round or oval opening through a bone

The 4 major anatomical classifications of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular.
Which category has the least amount of spongy bone relative to its total volume?

Femur, Humerus, Tibia, Fibula,Radius, Ulna, Metacarpals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges are examples of ________ bone.

carpals and tarsals are ____ bones.

Scapula, Sternum, Cranium, Coxal, Pelvis, and Ribs are ________ bones

Vertebrae, sacrum, and mandible are ______ bones

Periosteum is the attachement point of what.

Route taken by nutrients through a bone starting with periosteum and ending with osteocytes

organic matrix in bone gives bone...

inorganic material in bone gives bone...