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Central Science: Chapter 24

front 1 Which substance would be the most soluble in gasoline? A) water B) NaNO3 C) HCl D) hexane E) NaCl	back 1 D
front 2 If each of the following represents an alkane, and a carbon atom is located at each vertex with the proper number of hydrogen atoms also bonded to it, which one is the most reactive?	back 2 D
front 3 Which of the following is not currently used as an additive agent in gasoline? A) toluene B) ethanol C) MTBE D) tetraethyl lead	back 3 D
front 4 How many isomers are possible for C4H10? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 10	back 4 B

front 5 How many isomers are possible for C5H12? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 10	back 5 C
front 6 The structure of 2,3-dimethylheptane is ________.	back 6 D
front 7 When petroleum is distilled to separate the components by boiling point, the component with the highest boiling point is called ________. A) gas B) gasoline C) kerosene D) paraffin E) asphalt	back 7 E
front 8 What type of compound has been used to replace tetraethyl lead (( Pb) as an antiknock agent in gasoline? A) aromatic compounds B) olefins C) fluorochlorocarbons D) paraffins E) oxygenated hydrocarbons	back 8 E

front 9 How many structural isomers (include all types except optical) can be drawn for C5H10? A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D) 10 E) 12	back 9 D
front 10 How many isomers of C2H2Br2 are polar? A) none B) 2 C) 1 D) 3 E) It is impossible to tell without more information.	back 10 B
front 11 Which statement about hydrocarbons is false? A) The smallest alkane to have structural (constitutional) isomers has 4 carbon atoms. B) Cyclic alkanes are structural isomers of alkenes. C) Alkanes are more reactive than alkenes. D) Alkanes can be produced by hydrogenating alkenes. E) Alkenes can be polymerized.	back 11 C
front 12 Which statement about addition reactions between alkenes and HBr is false? A) The addition occurs at the double bond. B) Bromine attacks the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial positive charge. C) A hydrogen atom attaches to the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial negative charge. D) The π bond breaks in the course of the reaction. E) The proposed mechanism involves radicals.	back 12 E

front 13 Benzene behaves differently from a hydrocarbon which simply contains three C C bonds in that the latter would be expected to react much more readily with ________. A) H2 B) Cl2 C) Br2 D) HCl E) all of the above	back 13 E
front 14 Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by a hydroxyl functional group. ________ is the general formula of an alcohol. A) R—O—R B) R—CO—R C) R—CO—OH D) R—OH E) R—CO—H	back 14 D
front 15 Which one of the following is not an alcohol? A) acetone B) glycerol C) ethanol D) cholesterol E) ethylene glycol	back 15 A
front 16 The oxidation of ethanol produces ________. A) acetic acid B) formic acid C) citric acid D) lactic acid E) oxalic acid	back 16 A

front 17 Which one of the following compounds is an isomer of CH3CH2CH2CH2OH?	back 17 D
front 18 Which of the following compounds do not contain an sp3 hybridized oxygen atom? A) ketones B) alcohols C) ethers D) esters E) water	back 18 A
front 19 Of the compounds below, ________ is an isomer of [see image]	back 19
front 20 Which structure below represents a ketone?	back 20

front 21 Which structure below represents an amine?	back 21
front 22 Which structure below represents an aldehyde?	back 22 C
front 23 Which structure below represents an ether?	back 23 A
front 24 Which structure below is not correctly drawn?	back 24 B

front 25 All of the following are achiral except ________ which is a chiral molecule.	back 25 B
front 26 How many chiral carbon atoms does the neopentane (2, 2 - dimethylpropane) have? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4	back 26 A
front 27 How many chiral centers are there in CH3CHClCH2Cl? A) 1 B) 0 C) 3 D) 2 E) 4	back 27 A
front 28 Proteins are biopolymers formed via multiple condensation coupling of which two functional groups? A) ester and amine B) amine and carboxylic acid C) alcohol and carboxylic acid D) alcohol and amine E) ester and carboxylic acid	back 28 B

front 29 Which amino acid is not chiral? A) leucine B) isoleucine C) glycine D) alanine E) threonine	back 29 C
front 30 The tertiary structure of proteins is maintained by ________ bonds. A) hydrogen B) dipole-dipole C) ion-dipole D) covalent E) all of the above	back 30 E
front 31 Which of the following contains a peptide linkage?	back 31 A
front 32 Sugars are examples of what type of molecule? A) proteins B) carbohydrates C) nucleic acids D) amino acids E) salts	back 32 B

front 33 The principal difference between fructose and glucose is that ________. A) fructose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide B) fructose is a monosaccharide and glucose is a disaccharide C) fructose is chiral and glucose is not D) glucose is chiral and fructose is not E) fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar	back 33 E
front 34 Which one of the following is a monosaccharide? A) fructose B) lactose C) sucrose D) maltose E) none of the above	back 34 A
front 35 Consider the following types of compounds: (i) amino acid (ii) nitrogen-containing organic base (iii) phosphoric acid (iv) five-carbon sugar From which of the above compounds are the monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, formed? A) none B) (i) and (ii) C) (ii) and (iv) D) (ii), (iii), and (iv) E) all	back 35 D
front 36 The basic building block of nucleic acids is the ________. A) nucleoside B) nucleotide C) ester linkage D) nitrogen base E) phosphoric acid	back 36 B

front 37 The double helix of DNA is stabilized mainly by ________. A) ionic bonds B) covalent bonds C) ion-dipole bonds D) ester bonds E) hydrogen bonds	back 37 E
front 38 Hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by () in CH3-CH2-CH3, CH2 CH2, and CH3-C≡CH is ________, ________, and ________, respectively. A) sp3, sp2, sp B) sp3, sp, sp2 C) sp, sp2, sp3 D) sp, sp3, sp2 E) sp2, sp3, sp	back 38 A
front 39 Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called ________. A) alkenes B) alkynes C) aromatics D) alkanes E) ketones	back 39 D
front 40 What general class of compounds is also known as olefins? A) alkenes B) alkynes C) aromatics D) alkanes E) ketones	back 40 A

front 41 The simplest alkyne is ________. A) ethylene B) ethane C) acetylene D) propyne E) benzene	back 41 C
front 42 The melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons are determined by ________. A) ion-dipole attraction B) dipole-dipole attraction C) London forces D) hydrogen bonding E) ionic bonding	back 42 C
front 43 Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds are called ________. A) alkanes B) aromatic hydrocarbons C) alkynes D) alkenes E) olefins	back 43 C
front 44 Alkynes always contain a ________. A) C=C bond B) C≡C bond C) C—C bond D) C=H bond E) C≡H bond	back 44 B

front 45 Alkenes always contain a ________. A) C=C bond B) C≡C bond C) C-C bond D) C=H bond E) C≡H bond	back 45 A
front 46 The molecular geometry of each carbon atom in an alkane is ________. A) octahedral B) square planar C) trigonal planar D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal	back 46 D
front 47 The minimum number of carbons necessary for a hydrocarbon to form a branched structure is ________. A) 4 B) 6 C) 3 D) 9 E) 12	back 47 A
front 48 Cyclohexane has ________ fewer hydrogens than n-hexane. A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4	back 48 C

front 49 How many structural isomers of heptane exist? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 9	back 49 E
front 50 The general formula of an alkane is ________. A) C2nH2n+2 B) CnH2n C) CnH2n+2 D) CnH2n-2 E) CnHn	back 50 C
front 51 Alkanes with ________ to ________ carbons are found in straight-run gasoline. A) 2, 3 B) 5, 12 C) 1, 5 D) 9, 15 E) 20, 60	back 51 B
front 52 Gasoline and water do not mix because gasoline is ________. A) less dense than water B) less viscous than water C) nonpolar and water is polar D) volatile and water is not E) polar and water is nonpolar	back 52 C

front 53 Isooctane is assigned an octane number of 100, whereas ________ is assigned an octane number of 0. A) methane B) propane C) benzene D) heptane E) nitrous oxide	back 53 D
front 54 The octane number of straight-run gasoline is about ________. A) 0 B) 25 C) 50 D) 75 E) 93	back 54 C
front 55 Alkenes have the general formula ________. A) CnH2n B) CnH2n-2 C) CnH2n+2 D) CnHn E) C2nHn	back 55 A
front 56 The compound below is an ________. H2C=CH—CH3 A) alkyne B) alkene C) alkane D) aromatic compound E) olefin	back 56 B

front 57 What is the name of the compound below? A) 2,4-methylbutene B) 2,5-dimethylpentane C) 2,4-ethylbutene D) 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene E) 2,4-dimethyl-4-pentene	back 57 D
front 58 The name of CH3-CH=C=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH3 is ________. A) 2, 3, 5 - octatriene B) 2, 5, 6 - octatriene C) 2, 3, 6 - octatriene D) 3, 5, 6 - octatriene E) 3, 4, 7 - octatriene	back 58 C
front 59 ________ could be the formula of an alkene. A) C3H8 B) C3H6 C) C6H6 D) C17H36 E) CH8	back 59 B
front 60 In general, ________ are the least reactive hydrocarbons. A) alkenes B) alkynes C) alkanes	back 60 C

front 61 The addition of HBr to 2-butene produces ________. A) 1-bromobutane B) 2-bromobutane C) 1,2-dibromobutane D) 2,3-dibromobutane E) no reaction	back 61 B
front 62 ________ contains a series of π bonds on several consecutive carbon atoms. A) pentane B) cyclohexane C) benzene D) hexane	back 62 C
front 63 How many hydroxyl groups are in a glycerol molecule? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4	back 63 D
front 64 The general formula for an ether is ________.	back 64 A

front 65 Ethers can be made by condensation of two ________ molecules by splitting out a molecule of water. A) alkyne B) alcohol C) ketone D) aldehyde E) olefin	back 65 B
front 66 The general formula of an aldehyde is ________.	back 66 E
front 67 The general formula of a carboxylic acid is ________.	back 67 C
front 68 The general formula of an ester is ________.	back 68 E

front 69 is called a(n) ________. A) amine B) amide C) ketone D) aldehyde E) ester	back 69 B
front 70 The compound below is a(n) ________. A) carboxylic acid B) ketone C) aldehyde D) ester E) amine	back 70 D
front 71 The hybridization of the central carbon atom in formaldehyde is ________. A) sp B) sp3 C) d2sp3 D) sp2 E) sp4	back 71 D
front 72 Optically active molecules that are mirror images of each other are called ________. A) allotropes B) geometrical isomers C) enantiomers D) cofactors E) chiral compounds	back 72 C

front 73 The secondary structure of a protein is the result of ________ bonding. A) covalent B) peptide C) ionic D) hydrogen E) none of the above	back 73 D
front 74 Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are made of repeating units of ________. A) lactose B) glucose C) fructose D) sucrose E) amino acids	back 74 B
front 75 How many chiral atoms does the open-chain form of glucose have? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5	back 75 D
front 76 ________ acts as a kind of energy bank in the body, and is found concentrated in muscles and liver. A) Lactose B) Starch C) Cellulose D) Glycogen E) Sucrose	back 76 D

front 77 What forces hold the strands of DNA together? A) covalent bonds B) hydrogen bonding C) ion-dipole attraction D) coordinate covalent bonds	back 77 B
front 78 Which one of the following could be a straight-chain alkane? A) C9H20 B) C3H3 C) C4H6 D) C5H4 E) C3H6	back 78 A
front 79 Which one of the following could be a non-branched alkene? A) C6H5 B) C7H9 C) C7H14 D) C2H6 E) C9H20	back 79 C
front 80 Which one of the following could be a cycloalkane? A) C6H5 B) C3H5 C) C2H6 D) C10H22 E) C5H10	back 80 E

front 81 Pentane has ________ structural isomers. A) 3 B) 2 C) 1 D) 4 E) 5	back 81 A
front 82 What geometric shape will the structure of cyclohexane appear as when drawn as a line structure? A) hexagon B) heptagon C) octagon D) triangle E) square	back 82 A
front 83 Gas, isolated from petroleum, has a minimum of ________ carbon atoms. A) 1 B) 36 C) 20 D) 16 E) 12	back 83 A
front 84 The correct name for the molecule CH3CH3 is ________. A) ethane B) propane C) ethyl D) propyne E) butaneA	back 84 A

front 85 In an addition reaction, H2 is added to 1-propene in the presence of a nickel catalyst to form ________. A) propanol B) propyne C) propane D) 2-butene E) propanoic acid	back 85 C
front 86 Primary alcohols can be oxidized to produce ________. A) amides B) esters C) aldehydes D) secondary alcohols E) amines	back 86 C
front 87 What is the general formula for an aldehyde?	back 87 A
front 88 All of the following contain a C=O bond except ________. A) aldahydes B) carboxylic acids C) alcohols D) esters E) none of the above	back 88 C

front 89 The suffix used for organic molecules containing the ketone functional group is ________. A) -one B) -oic acid C) -oate D) -amide E) -ene	back 89 A
front 90 How many chiral centers are there in CH3CHCHCH2CHBr2? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4	back 90 A
front 91 ________ is a disaccharide. A) Sucrose B) Fructose C) Ribose D) Cellulose E) UracilA	back 91 A
front 92 ________ is a monosaccharide. A) Fructose B) Lactose C) Guanine D) Glycogen E) none of the above	back 92 A

front 93 ________ is a polysaccharide. A) Cellulose B) Galactose C) Ribose D) Sucrose E) Uracil	back 93 A
front 94 What is the electron group geometry surrounding the carbon atoms in alkanes?	back 94 tetrahedral
front 95 The resistance of gasoline to engine knocking is referred to as its ________.	back 95 octane number or octane rating
front 96 Why is cyclopropane more reactive than propane?	back 96 The small ring of cyclopropane forces the C-C-C bond angle to be significantly less than the 109.5° bond angle of C within the tetrahedral structure of propane.

front 97 What is the name of the compound below?	back 97 4-propyloctane
front 98 Write the formula for 2-methyl-4-propylnonane.	back 98
front 99 What is the correct name for the compound, Ch3CH=CHCh2CH=CHCH3?	back 99 2,2-heptadiene
front 100 What is the name of the compound below?	back 100 4,6-dimethyl-1-heptyne

front 101 Hydrogenation of an alkene requires high temperatures and a catalyst such as nickel. Why is this?	back 101 due to the large bond enthalpy of H2
front 102 Predict the product of the catalytic hydrogenation of 6-ethyl-3-decene.	back 102 6-ethyldecane
front 103 Hydrogenation of what alkyne produces propane?	back 103 propyne
front 104 In the reaction of nitric acid with benzene, which isomer is formed when a second nitro group is substituted?	back 104 meta

front 105 The addition of an alkyl halide to an aromatic ring compound is called the ________ reaction.	back 105 Friedel-Crafts
front 106 The anaerobic conversion of carbohydrates to ethanol is driven by the presence of ________.	back 106 yeast
front 107 What is the name of the compound CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3?	back 107 3-hexanol
front 108 The formation of aspirin by reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid is a(n) ________ reaction.	back 108 condensation

front 109 In the oxidation of ethanol the intermediate formed is ________.	back 109 acetaldehyde
front 110 The primary ingredient in vinegar is ________.	back 110 acetic acid
front 111 The aromas of different fruit are due to the chemical compounds known as ________.	back 111 esters
front 112 The hydrolysis of an ester in the presence of a base is called ________.	back 112 saponification

front 113 Non-superimposable mirror-image isomers of a substance are called ________.	back 113 enantiomers
front 114 Living organisms must expend energy to counter any increase in ________.	back 114 entropy
front 115 The doubly ionized form of an amino acid is called a(n) ________.	back 115 zwitterion
front 116 Of the 20 amino acids found in our bodies, ________ of them must be ingested because our bodies cannot synthesize sufficient quantities of them.	back 116 10

front 117 Large protein molecules that act as catalysts are called ________.	back 117 enzymes
front 118 The most important acidic and basic functional groups in all amino acids are the ________ and the ________ groups, respectively.	back 118 carboxylic acid, amino
front 119 The condensation reaction of a carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of a second amino acid results in the formation of a(n) ________.	back 119 peptide bond
front 120 Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and ________.	back 120 galactose

front 121 The monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, consist of three parts. These are ________.	back 121 phosphoric acid, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing organic base
front 122 In DNA, adenine is always paired with ________.	back 122 thymine
front 123 The overall polarity of organic molecules is high.	back 123 false
front 124 Cyclobutane is more reactive than butane.	back 124 true

front 125 The stability of benzene is a major function of delocalized π bonding.	back 125 true
front 126 Aldehydes are less reactive than ketones.	back 126 false
front 127 A carbon with three or more attached groups will be chiral.	back 127 false
front 128 Racemic mixtures of enantiomers do not rotate the plane of polarized light.	back 128 true

front 129 The majority of glucose molecules exist in ring structure.	back 129 true
front 130 Humans digest starch but not cellulose because of differences in the type of linkage between the glucose monomers of these substances.	back 130 true
front 131 The DNA double helix is held together by hydrogen bonds and London dispersion forces.	back 131 true