front 1 Nucleus | back 1 control center that contains DNA in the form of chromosomes and chromatin |
front 2 Nucleolus | back 2 assembles ribosomes |
front 3 Plasma membrane | back 3 encloses cell contents and participate in many cellular activities required for life |
front 4 Ribosomes | back 4 site of protein synthesis |
front 5 Rough ER | back 5 contains ribosomes and synthesizes proteins that are inserted into the plasma membrane or exported out of the cell to go to other areas of the body |
front 6 Smooth ER | back 6 site of lipid synthesis |
front 7 Golgi apparatus | back 7 sort and modify proteins and lipids |
front 8 Lysosome | back 8 contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins |
front 9 Centriole | back 9 Rod shaped bodies near the nucleus that helps to organize and divide cells contents during mitosis |
front 10 Mitochondria | back 10 powerhouse of the cell and site of aerobic cellular respiration |
front 11 Peroxisome | back 11 contains peroxide to eliminate cancer-causing free radicals |
front 12 Vesicle | back 12 small, membranous pound sacs which move items into and out of the cell |
front 13 Cytoplasm | back 13 material that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane |
front 14 Cytosol | back 14 the fluid portion of the cytoplasm that is a suspension of nutrients, enzymes, and electrolytes |
front 15 Cytoskeleton | back 15 the cell skeleton filled with proteins that support the cell |
front 16 Give 3 life functions of the body | back 16 maintain boundaries, movement, reproduction, metabolism, exertion, responsiveness/excitability, digestion, and growth |
front 17 6 levels of organization in order | back 17 chemical, cells, tissue, organs, systems,and organism |
front 18 what are the differences between Catabolism and Anabolism? | back 18 Catabolism- complex substances are broken down into smaller pieces.
|
front 19 Endocrine is the same as hormone system?
| back 19 true |
front 20 How many bones are there in the body? | back 20 206 bones |
front 21 What is it called when complex substances are broken down into smaller pieces? | back 21 Catabolism |
front 22 When the body needs energy it breaks down what substance into two smaller substances? | back 22 adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) |
front 23 what are the four basic types of tissue? | back 23 Nervous, connective, muscle, epithelium. |
front 24 What function of the body is occurring when foodstuff is broken down into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream? | back 24 Digestion |
front 25 choose the answer that gives the six levels of organization largest to smallest? | back 25 Organisms, system, organs, tissues, cell, atoms. |
front 26 What does a buffer do? | back 26 it helps to maintain a constant pH |
front 27 What is the most abundant and important inorganic compound in the body? | back 27 Water |
front 28 What is the pH of human blood? | back 28 pH 7.35 – 7.45 |
front 29 What are the names of four elements that 96% of the body consists of? | back 29 hydrogen, sodium, oxygen, calcium |
front 30 What is a catalyst in biology? | back 30 protein enzymes |
front 31 An example of extracellular fluid is blood?
| back 31 true |
front 32 All organic compounds contain nitrogen?
| back 32 false |
front 33 ________ is the universal solvent. | back 33 Water |
front 34 Alkalosis is when a person's blood pH is higher than within the acceptable range.
| back 34 true |
front 35 Disaccharides contain two simple sugars.
| back 35 true |
front 36 all these statements regarding ATP are true except (choose one)
| back 36 C. ATP contains a phosphorus base, sugar and a phosphate group. |
front 37 Complementary bases in RNA include A, G, C, and T.
| back 37 false |
front 38 the three types of RNA are messenger (mRNA), transfer (tRNA), and ribonucleic (rRNA)
| back 38 true |
front 39 in DNA, what types of bonds hold nucleotides together? | back 39 Hydrogen |
front 40 the following statement regarding molecular chaperones are true except (choose one)
| back 40 C. They are closely related to globular proteins. |
front 41 Growth is usually accomplished by ink creasing the number of_________? | back 41 Cell |
front 42 When it comes to the five survival needs, appropriate balance is not necessary, too much or too little is fine.
| back 42 false |
front 43 All but one of the listed is essential to survival needs, which is not in the group?
| back 43 B. Carbon dioxide |
front 44 There are twelve structural systems?
| back 44 false |
front 45 Which body system is a functional system?
| back 45 A. Immune system |
front 46 the build up of smaller pieces into larger more complex substance is known as? | back 46 Anabolisim |
front 47 The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body is known as metabolism?
| back 47 true |
front 48 ATP is known as_________ currency in the body?
| back 48 C. energy |
front 49 Name three of the eight life functions of the body. | back 49 A. Maintain boundaries
|
front 50 There are five basic types of tissue in the body.
| back 50 false |
front 51 Fluids outside of the cell are extracellular, and fluids inside a cell are intracellular.
| back 51 false |
front 52 Standard anatomical position is a body laying down feet together.
| back 52 false |
front 53 Two types of compounds occur in the human body, organic and inorganic. Organic compounds contain?
| back 53 D. Carbon |
front 54 The most abundant and import an organic compound in the human body is.
| back 54 B. Water |
front 55 A person's pH level should be between 7.35 and 7.45.
| back 55 true |
front 56 match the terms to the definition:
| back 56 A.hydrophilic C. Water loving
|
front 57 What are the four most common elements in the human body? In fact, 96% of the body can system of these four elements. remember CHON | back 57 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. |
front 58 Starch and Glycogen are two important _____ ______ in the body. They’re also both used as storage carbohydrates. ________ is the storage carbohydrate in animal tissues, and _______ is the storage carbohydrate in plants. | back 58 Polysaccharides
|
front 59 Important Disaccharides
| back 59 *Sucrose
|
front 60 What is the H: O ratio in Carbohydrates? | back 60 2:1 |
front 61 Is the most efficient and compact form of store energy, fat for insulation? | back 61 Triglyceride |
front 62 This are modified triglycerides, these are unique and it is why they form the cell membrane, these are diglycerides with a phosphorus-containing group and two fatty acid chains? | back 62 Phospholipids |
front 63 It is essential for human like, it is found in cell membranes and is the raw material for vitamin D synthesis, these are flat molecules made of four interlocking hydrocarbon rings? | back 63 Steroids |
front 64 This is a modified simple sugar (alcohol sugars)? | back 64 Glycerol |
front 65 Single covalent bonds between carbon atoms are saturated and are solid at room temperature? | back 65 Saturation |
front 66 The term best describing a state of internal balance is? | back 66 Homeostasis |
front 67 True of False. 1. An example of homeostasis in the body is consuming large amounts of sugar daily over long periods of time and creating type II diabetes. | back 67 *False, homeostatic imbalance |
front 68 True or False. . Blood and plasma are intracellular. | back 68 *False, extracellular |
front 69 Which is the final piece in maintaining homeostatic control? | back 69 response |
front 70 Negative feedback is _________ ___________ of something | back 70 To much |
front 71 Stimulus-receptor-________-control center-__________-response | back 71 *afferent *efferent |
front 72 Growth is usually accomplished by increasing the number of ________. | back 72 cells |
front 73 T or F When it comes to the five survival needs, appropriate balance is not necessary, too much or too little is fine. | back 73 False |
front 74 All but one of the listed is essential to survival needs, which is not in the group?
| back 74 *B.) Carbon Dioxide* |
front 75 T or F There are twelve structural systems. | back 75 False |
front 76 Which body system is a functional system? | back 76 Immune System |
front 77 T/F An example of homeostasis in the body is consuming large amounts of sugar daily over long periods of time and creating type II diabetes. | back 77 *False, homeostatic inbalance |
front 78 Blood and plasma are intracellular? | back 78 False, extracellular |
front 79 Which is the final piece in maintaining homeostatic control? a.effector b.response c.stimuli d. output | back 79 b. response |
front 80 Negative feedback is _________ ___________ of something | back 80 to much |
front 81 Stimulus-receptor-________-control center-__________-response | back 81 *afferent *efferent |
front 82 Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the integumentary system?
| back 82 d) Detoxification |
front 83 Which type of sensory receptor is NOT located in the skin?
| back 83 A. sound |
front 84 Which of the following properties help to maintain hydration of the skin?
| back 84 e. A and C |
front 85 Which of the following is NOT considered to be part of the integumentary system?
| back 85 b. Teeth |
front 86 Which of the following layers are considered part of the SKIN?
| back 86 e. A and B. |
front 87 Which of the following are the correct characteristics for recognizing melanoma?
| back 87 d. Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter |
front 88 Which is the most common type of skin cancer? | back 88 Basal Cell Carcinoma |
front 89 Which is the most dangerous type of skin cancer? | back 89 Melanoma |
front 90 Which type of skin cancer arises from keratinocytes? | back 90 Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
front 91 Which of the following is NOT considered important in skin care?
| back 91 e. All are considered important |
front 92 The RULE of NINES applies to what type of skin condition? | back 92 Burns |
front 93 Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects wound healing?
| back 93 b. Temperature |
front 94 For HAIR, which of the three concentric rings of keratin is responsible for forming a single later of overlapping cells, like shingles on a roof; helps to separate hairs so matting doesn’t occur, and is responsible for split ends. | back 94 Cuticle |
front 95 Which of the following is NOT a function of HAIR?
| back 95 d. Guarding the scalp against bacteria |
front 96 What is the involuntary muscle responsible for goosebumps? | back 96 Arrector pili |
front 97 What is the an extension of the dermis, into the epidermis that allows blood vessels to get closer to the superficial surface and is responsible for preventing slipping when grasping and object? | back 97 Dermal papillae |
front 98 Which of the following are not specialized apocrine glands?
| back 98 e. C and D |
front 99 Which of the following are derivatives of the epidermis?
| back 99 e) All of the above |
front 100 Which of the following functions help in temperature regulation internally?
| back 100 e. A, B and C |
front 101 Which of the following is the correct order for Epidermal layers from superficial to deep?
| back 101 b. Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum gransulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale* |
front 102 Apocrine and Eccrine glands are types of which gland? | back 102 Sudoriferous |
front 103 This layer of the dermis had areolar connective tissue, had dermal papillae, and is leaves room for defense for the cell to respond to foreign invaders? | back 103 Papillary Layer |
front 104 Flexure lines are dermal folds near a joint, (visible lines on the palm of the hand) where the dermis is tightly secured to deeper structures. Which layer of the dermis are flexure lines present in?
| back 104 b. Reticular Layer |
front 105 Means “horn”; the fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective properties; rise in the layers and eventually sluff off as dead cells. | back 105 B. Keratinocyte |
front 106 Spider shaped epithelial cells; means “black”; forms a pigment that shields and protects the nucleus from the damaging effects of UV radiation. | back 106 A. Melanocyte |
front 107 Arise from BONE MARROW and migrate to the epidermis; ingest foreign substances and are key activators of the immune system | back 107 D. Dendritic or Langerhans Cells |
front 108 Present at the epidermal-dermal junction; spiky hemisphere shape; associated with a sensory nerve ending for touch | back 108 C. Merkel (Tactile) Cells |
front 109 Main skin pigment, found in hair, eyeball, iris of the eye, tumors. The darker the skin, the more pigments are found in their tissues | back 109 Melanin |
front 110 Pigment that carries oxygen in RBCs | back 110 Hemoglobin |
front 111 Related to vitamin A, stores in fatty tissues. Derived from carrots and other orange and yellow vegetables. | back 111 Carotene |
front 112 Pigment responsible for the yellowing in jaundice, green appearance | back 112 Bile Pigments |
front 113 Most superficial layer; 20-30 layers of dead cells represented only by sacs filled with keratin. | back 113 Stratum Corneum |
front 114 Several layers of cells containing thick bundles of “spines” made of pre-keratin. | back 114 Stratum Spinosum |
front 115 Three to five layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of keratin granules | back 115 Stratum Granulosum |
front 116 Deepest epidermal layer; one layer of active mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers; see occasional melanocytes and epidermal dendritic cells. | back 116 Stratum Basale |
front 117 A few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes; Found only in “thick skin” (palms, soles) | back 117 Stratum Lucidum |
front 118 Type of gland that is confined to axillary and anogenital (relating to anus and genitals) areas; sweat contains fatty substances and proteins that lead to odor, but does not regulate temperature | back 118 Apocrine Gland |
front 119 Type of gland that is abundant on palms, soles, and forehead; ducts connect to pores; function in thermoregulation | back 119 Eccrine Gland |
front 120 Sweat gland; coiled glands that vent directly to the skin surface or through hair follicles. | back 120 Sudoriferous Gland |
front 121 Sac-like gland associated with hair follicles; secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates and water proofs the skin | back 121 Sebaceous Gland |
front 122 True or False; simple diffusion uses kinetic energy. | back 122 True |
front 123 True or False; Active transport uses ATP | back 123 True |
front 124 True or False; Exocytosis is the excretion of substances inside the cell | back 124 False |
front 125 Which of the following processes require ATP
| back 125 d. All the above |
front 126 True or False; Sodium and Chloride are most prominent inside the cell. | back 126 False |
front 127 True or False? Ions diffuse according to their chemical gradient. | back 127 True |
front 128 True or False? In vesicular transport, ATP is needed to transport large particles, macromolecules, and fluids across plasma membranes. | back 128 True |
front 129 Exocytosis secretes large substances ___________ of the cell. | back 129 out |
front 130 Endocytosis transports large materials _________ of the cell | back 130 into |
front 131 The Na+ K+ pump pumps | back 131 3 Na+ ions out of cell and 2 K+ ions into cell |
front 132 What are the two types of active processes? | back 132 Active transport, Vesicular transport |
front 133 Ribosomes our site of protein synthesis. What are the two types? | back 133 Free ribosomes, Membrane bound ribosomes |
front 134 What is mitochondria? | back 134 Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of a cell. |
front 135 True or False? Transcytosis is moving substance into, across, and then out of the cell. | back 135 True |
front 136 Potassium and Calcium are most prominent outside the cell. | back 136 False |
front 137 When a parent cell becomes two identical daughter cells called somatic cells is called? | back 137 Mitosis |
front 138 The divistion of the cytoplasm”cell movement” begins in late anaphase, Microfilaments for the cleavage furrow and separate the cell? | back 138 Cytokenesis |
front 139 Glycolysis-2ATP, Krebs cycle 32 – 34 ATP, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation are pathways Of? | back 139 Cellular respiration* |
front 140 DNA transfers information to RNA is a process called? | back 140 Transcription |
front 141 The process by which amino acids are assembled into a protein? | back 141 Translation |
front 142 True/False: When a cell is preparing to divide, the chromatin threads coil and condense into short, bar-like bodies called chromosomes
| back 142 True |
front 143 True or False? There are 4 phases of mitosis. They include all of the following EXCEPT (multiple choice):
| back 143 “C” interphase – this is the period from cell formation to cell division. It is NOT a phase of mitosis. |
front 144 Fill in the blank. Name the three pathways in which glucose is catabolized: | back 144 Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain |
front 145 True/False: Transcription is the process by which amino acids are assembled into a protein. | back 145 False Translation |
front 146 Translation occurs in the _____________, whereas transcription occurs in the ___________. | back 146 Translation: cytoplasm, Transcription: ribosome |
front 147 The cell membrane is permeable to some substances but not to others. What characteristics does this describe? | back 147 Semipermeable |
front 148 In passive movement through the plasma membrane, molecules move ________ the concentration gradient. | back 148 Down |
front 149 When constant movement of particles go from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached, it is considered what type of passive process? | back 149 diffusion |
front 150 T/F A molecule will diffuse through a membrane when the molecule is lipid soluble. | back 150 true |
front 151 When it comes to simple diffusion, ________ and gasses move freely across the lipid membrane. | back 151 Lipids |
front 152 True or False. A membrane lipid consists of 20% glycolipids. | back 152 False 5% |
front 153 The cells are bathes in an extracellular fluid called _____________ that is derived from the blood | back 153 Interstitial fluid |
front 154 What are the 2 movement through the PM and what is the difference between them two? | back 154 Passive- does not require energy
|
front 155 True or False. Atom is the smallest structural and functional living unit. | back 155 False cell |
front 156 Constant movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration until they each equilibrium is called? | back 156 Diffusion |
front 157 The diffusion of water through a selectively membrane is called __________ | back 157 Osmosis |
front 158 true or false The passage of a solution through a membrane under mechanical force is called diffusion | back 158 false filtration |
front 159 solution that has a lower concentration than the fluid within the cell is called __________. | back 159 hypotonic |
front 160 An organelle that produces energy for the cell is called a ________________. | back 160 Mitochondrion |
front 161 If a cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to _________________. | back 161 divide |
front 162 Membrane lipids are composed of: | back 162 Phospholipids, Glycolipids
|
front 163 True or False The term used to describe the cell membrane is the fluid mosaic model. | back 163 True |
front 164 Unsaturated fat is ________ at room temperature | back 164 liquid |
front 165 The job of the plasma membrane is:
| back 165 e) All of the above |
front 166 The Sodium-Potassium Pump is one form of active transport. This system pumps __*__ Na+ ions __*__of the cell and __*__ K+ ions ___*__ the cell with each cycle. | back 166 3 Na ions out of cell
|
front 167 What is the average resting membrane potential of a cell? | back 167 -70mV the average resting membrane potential is -70mV. (The range is -50 to -100mV depending on the cell type) |
front 168 What part of the cell is responsible for lipid synthesis? | back 168 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
front 169 Peroxisomes are responsible for breaking down; these are considered carcinogens, meaning cancer causing. | back 169 Free radicals |
front 170 What are the phases of Mitosis?
| back 170 C- (proper order of cell division) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
front 171 True or False? Pinocytosis is “cell drinking”. | back 171 true |
front 172 Sodium follows its concentration gradient and brings the cell up to ______, the actual resting potential of the cell. | back 172 -70mV |
front 173 The material that fills a cell – a suspension of nutrients, electrolytes, enzymes, and other materials in water. | back 173 cytoplasm |
front 174 *True or False? Mitochondria contain their own DNA, and are known as the “power houses” of a cell. | back 174 true |
front 175 Choose the correct order, from beginning to end, of the 4 phases of mitosis.
| back 175 D. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase* |
front 176 What is the correct order for transcription/ translation?
| back 176 1,2,3 |
front 177 True or False? Both Transcription and Translation have a an initiation phase, an elongation phase and a termination phase? | back 177 True |
front 178 The process by which amino acids are assembled into a protein is called? | back 178 Translation |
front 179 NaK ATPase moves __________ Na out of the cell and _________ K into the cell on every cycle or turn. | back 179 3, 2 |
front 180 Which ions are higher outside of the cell? | back 180 Sodium and Chloride |
front 181 The most accurate term used to describe the plasma membrane is called _____________? | back 181 Fluid Mosaic Model |
front 182 Which of the following types of membrane transport requires ATP?
| back 182 e. C and D are both correct |
front 183 Match the correct percent to the type of membrane lipid.
| back 183 173 C
|
front 184 A protein built into the plasma membrane that will have its active site exposed to substances in the adjacent solution. This protein type may act as a team with other proteins to induce sequential steps in a metabolic pathway. | back 184 Enzymatic Activity |
front 185 A protein that spans the membrane and may provide a channel across the membrane that is selective for a particular solute. Some use ATP as an energy source, like NaK ATPase. | back 185 Transport |
front 186 Membrane proteins of adjacent cells that may be hooked together by intercellular junctions. They may act as temporary binding sites that guide cell migration and other cell-to-cell interaction. | back 186 Intercellular Joining |
front 187 A membrane protein exposed to the outside of the cell that may have a binding site with a specific shape that fits the shape of a chemical messenger, such as a hormone. | back 187 Receptors for signal transduction |
front 188 Cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix may be anchored to the membrane proteins to help maintain cell shape and fix the location of certain membrane proteins. | back 188 Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix |
front 189 Period from cell formation to cell division | back 189 Interphase |
front 190 Third phase of mitosis. Each half of the “x” chromosome gets pulled toward the opposite poles, now looking “v” shaped. | back 190 Anaphase |
front 191 Means “cell movement”, the division of the cytoplasm | back 191 Cytokinesis |
front 192 Vigorous growth and metabolism phase | back 192 G1 |
front 193 Preparation for cell division | back 193 G2 |
front 194 The final phase of mitosis in which identical sets of chromosomes at opposite ends uncoil and resume their thread-like chromatin form; the cell will temporarily have two nuclei | back 194 Telophase |
front 195 DNA replication occurs | back 195 S phase |
front 196 The first phase of mitosis; chromatin condenses and centrtioles attach to the chomosome , starting to line them up at the center of the cell | back 196 Prophase |
front 197 The second stage of mitosis; chromosomes cluster at the mid-line of the cell at the equator and the chromosomes start separating from on another. | back 197 Metaphase |